An optical element includes a first condensing lens and a plurality of second condensing lenses. The optical element is disposed so as to face an end of an optical fiber. The optical fiber includes a core, a first cladding located around the core, and a second cladding located around the first cladding. The first condensing lens is disposed at a position corresponding to the core. The second condensing lenses are disposed around the first condensing lens at positions corresponding to the first cladding.

The FIFO device includes an MCF, a first lens having a first optical axis parallel to a center axis of the MCF, a group of second lenses including the same number of second lenses having a second optical axis parallel to the first optical axis as cores of the MCF, and a group of single-core optical fibers including the same number of single-core optical fibers as the second lenses. An end face of each single-core optical fiber is obliquely polished so as to incline in a predetermined inclination direction with respect to a plane orthogonal to the center axis by a predetermined polishing angle. Oblique polishing directions of surrounding single-core optical fibers are set so that the corresponding second lenses are positioned closer to the first optical axis or to the first lens compared to their positions at the time when the surrounding single-core optical fibers are not obliquely polished.

Systems and methods of dispersion compensation in an optical device are disclosed. A holographic optical element may include a set of different holograms in a grating medium (704). Each hologram in the set may have a corresponding grating vector (708, 710, 712) with a grating frequency and direction. The directions of the grating vectors may vary as a function of the grating frequency. Different holograms in the set may diffract light in a particular direction so that the light emerges from a boundary of the grating medium in a single given direction regardless of wavelength. A prism (722) is used to couple light into the grating medium. The prism is formed using materials having dispersion properties that are similar to the dispersion properties of the grating material but not indentical. The prism may have an input face that receives perpendicular input light. The prism may include multiple portions having different refractive indices.

A luminaire for use in lighting a large open space such as a parking lot or deck of a parking garage includes a plurality of optical waveguides disposed in side-by-side relationship and together defining a closed path and at least one LED associated with each optical waveguide and disposed at a first end of the associated optical waveguide.

Systems and methods of dispersion compensation in an optical device are disclosed. A holographic optical element may include a set of different holograms in a grating medium. Each hologram in the set may have a corresponding grating vector with a grating frequency and direction. The directions of the grating vectors may vary as a function of the grating frequency. Different holograms in the set may diffract light in a particular direction so that the light emerges from a boundary of the grating medium in a single given direction regardless of wavelength. A prism may be used to couple light into the grating medium. The prism may be formed using materials having dispersion properties that are similar to the dispersion properties of the grating material. The prism may have an input face that receives perpendicular input light. The prism may include multiple portions having different refractive indices.

A laser beam steering device for two-dimensionally steering a laser beam may include a refractive index converting layer whose charge concentration is configured to change based on an electric signal applied thereto; an antenna disposed above the refractive converting layer; a laser beam reflecting layer disposed below the refractive index converting layer and including a plurality of cells arranged in a two-dimensional matrix; and a driver disposed below the laser beam reflecting layer and including a plurality of driving circuits respectively connected to the plurality of cells, the plurality of driving circuits being configured to respectively apply electric signals to the plurality of cells.

A sensor line, a measuring arrangement and a method detect a change in an ambient variable. The sensor line serves for detecting a change in an ambient variable, in particular the temperature. The sensor line has a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide and also a material that changes its transparency depending on the value of the ambient variable. The material is positioned between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide in such a way that light from the first optical waveguide is able to be coupled into the second optical waveguide in an event of a change in the transparency.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods associated with mode conversion for electromagnetic field modification. A mode converting structure (holographic metamaterial) is formed with a distribution of dielectric constants chosen to convert an electromagnetic radiation pattern from a first mode to a second mode to attain a target electromagnetic radiation pattern that is different from the input electromagnetic radiation pattern. A solution to a holographic equation provides a sufficiently accurate approximation of a distribution of dielectric constants that can be used to form a mode converting device for use with one or more transmission lines, such as waveguides. One or more optimization algorithms can be used to improve the efficiency of the mode conversion.

A double mirror (Mi) is made of a first mirror (Mi1) that is mounted on a top surface of a base plate (B) and a second mirror (Mi2) that is mounted on a top surface of the first mirror (Mi1). The first mirror (Mi1) has a reflective surface (S1) for reflecting an input beam. The second mirror (Mi2) has a reflective surface (S2) for reflecting the input beam which has been reflected by the reflective surface (S1).

A mode division demultiplexing optical communication system comprises a multimode optical fiber, an optical device for demultiplexing modes with a different orbital angular momentum and a diffractive optical element. The optical fiber is configured to: receive at the input a first optical signal carried by a first guided mode having an orbital angular momentum, generate at the output the first optical signal carried by a first group of guided modes. The optical demultiplexing device is configured to: receive at the input a free space optical beam, generate at the output a first pair of free space optical beams. The diffractive optical element is configured to: receive at the input the first pair of free space optical beams and generate therefrom at the output a first pair of collimated optical beams, converge the first pair of collimated optical beams into a same first point in the space.