An eyepiece for a head-mounted display includes one or more first waveguides arranged to receive light from a spatial light modulator at a first edge, guide at least some of the received light to a second edge opposite the first edge, and extract at least some of the light through a face of the one or more first waveguides between the first and second edges. The eyepiece also includes a second waveguide positioned to receive light exiting the one or more first waveguides at the second edge and guide the received light to one or more light absorbers.

An optical device may include a monolithic beam steering engine. The device may include a twin M×N wavelength selective switch (WSS) including a first M×N WSS and a second M×N WSS. The first M×N WSS may include a first panel section of the monolithic beam steering engine to perform first beam steering of first beams, wherein the first beam steering is add/drop port beam steering; and a second panel section of the monolithic beam steering engine to perform second beam steering of second beams, wherein the second beam steering is common port beam steering. The first M×N WSS may include a first optical element aligned to the monolithic beam steering engine to direct one of the first beams or the second beams relative to the other of the first beams or the second beams, such that the first beams are directed in a different direction from the second beams.

A modular routing node includes a single input port and a plurality of output ports. The modular routing node is arranged to produce a plurality of different deflections and uses small adjustments to compensate for wavelength differences and alignment tolerances in an optical system. An optical device is arranged to receive a multiplex of many optical signals at different wavelengths, to separate the optical signals into at least two groups, and to process at least one of the groups adaptively.

A display module includes an image light generation device, a light-guiding member, a first reflection surface configured to reflect the imaging light incident via the light-guiding member, a first diffraction element configured to diffract the imaging light, and a second diffraction element configured to diffract the image light and form an exit pupil. The image light is sequentially incident on a first deflection surface, a second deflection surface, a second reflection surface, a third reflection surface, a fourth reflection surface, and a third deflection surface inside the light-guiding member, and a distance from a reference position where an optical axis of the exit pupil and an emission surface intersect to the second deflection surface is longer than a distance from the reference position to the first deflection surface and longer than a distance from the reference position to the second reflection surface.

Techniques are described for using confinement structures and/or pattern gratings to reduce or prevent the wicking of sealant polymer (e.g., glue) into the optically active areas of a multi-layered optical assembly. A multi-layered optical structure may include multiple layers of substrate imprinted with waveguide grating patterns. The multiple layers may be secured using an edge adhesive, such as a resin, epoxy, glue, and so forth. A confinement structure such as an edge pattern may be imprinted along the edge of each layer to control and confine the capillary flow of the edge adhesive and prevent the edge adhesive from wicking into the functional waveguide grating patterns of the layers. Moreover, the edge adhesive may be carbon doped or otherwise blackened to reduce the reflection of light off the edge back into the interior of the layer, thus improving the optical function of the assembly.

An optical displacement sensing system is provided. With configuration of an optical sensor disposed on a displacement platform and in cooperation with a broadband light source and an optical spectrum analyzer, when the displacement platform moves, the waveguide grating of the optical sensor is resonated and the reflected light provided with a resonance wavelength is formed. The waveguide grating has the plurality of grating periods, and when the displacement platform moves to a different position to make the broadband light source correspond to a different grating period, the position can correspond to the different resonance wavelength. Therefore, according to the aforementioned configuration, the position is determined according to the different resonance wavelength, instead of using an optical encoder; furthermore, the micrometer-scale or nanometer-scale displacement detection is achieved.

Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has enabled telecommunication service providers to fully exploit the transmission capacity of optical fibers. State of the art systems in long-haul networks now have aggregated capacities of terabits per second. Moreover, by providing multiple independent multi-gigabit channels, WDM technologies offer service providers with a straight forward way to build networks and expand networks to support multiple clients with different requirements. In order to reduce costs, enhance network flexibility, reduce spares, and provide re-configurability many service providers have migrated away from fixed wavelength transmitters, receivers, and transceivers, to wavelength tunable transmitters, receivers, and transceivers as well as wavelength dependent add-drop multiplexer, space switches etc. However, to meet the competing demands for improved performance, increased integration, reduced footprint, reduced power consumption, increased flexibility, re-configurability, and lower cost it is desirable to exploit/adopt monolithic optical circuit technologies, hybrid optoelectronic integration, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

Aspects of the present disclosure describe large scale steerable optical switched arrays that may be fabricated on a common substrate including many thousands or more emitters that may be arranged in a curved pattern at the focal plane of a lens thereby allowing the directional control of emitted light and selective reception of reflected light suitable for use in imaging, ranging, and sensing applications including accident avoidance.

The present invention provides a dual grating sensor having at least two double-sided grating structures for detecting the properties of an analyte. The dual grating sensor includes a substrate, a waveguide layer which is formed on the substrate and has at least two double-sided grating structures, and an upper cover configured on the waveguide layer, wherein a channel is formed between the upper cover and the waveguide layer for the analyte to flow therethrough. A light couples into the waveguide layer via the first double-sided grating structure, transmits in the waveguide layer, and couples out of the waveguide layer via the second double-sided grating structure, such that the properties of the analyte can be detected according to the change of the light intensities of the emergent light. The sensitivity of the dual grating sensor has an additive effect when the light passes through the first double-sided grating structure and the second double-sided grating structure.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe large scale steerable optical switched arrays that may be fabricated on a common substrate including many thousands or more emitters that may be arranged in a curved pattern at the focal plane of a lens thereby allowing the directional control of emitted light and selective reception of reflected light suitable for use in imaging, ranging, and sensing applications including accident avoidance.