The present invention is directed to a sealing layer that comprises a combination of polyurethane and poly(vinyl alcohol), the poly(vinyl alcohol) containing an acetoacetate functional group in its molecular structure. The sealing layer is formed from an aqueous sealing composition and shows water resistance and good barrier properties to non-polar fluids. The sealing layer can be used to seal microcells of electro-optic displays.

In a liquid crystal apparatus, a liquid crystal is provided in a cavity surrounded by a seal material between a first substrate and a second substrate, and the liquid crystal is aligned in a diagonal direction formed by corners 10a1, 10a3. Between a pixel area and the seal material, a first groove is formed along a side 20a6 from the corner 10a1 toward a corner 10a2. When a first pump is driven, the liquid crystal of the pixel area is drawn from a first end of the first groove on the corner 10a1 side, and the liquid crystal is ejected from a second end into the pixel area. As a result, a liquid crystal flow from the side of a side 20a7 toward the side of a side 20a9 occurs in the pixel area, and thus the liquid crystal can be smoothly circulated.

The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus, and more particularly, to a display apparatus having a display panel capable of generating sound. A display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: a display module; a guide panel disposed at circumferences of a rear surface of the display module; a back cover attached to the guide panel; a sound generating unit disposed between the display module and the back cover; and an adhesive fixing element and a vibration absorber disposed between the guide panel and the rear surface of the display module, wherein the adhesive fixing element fasten the guide panel to the rear surface of the display module, and wherein the vibration absorber is disposed at the guide panel as facing to inner portions of the display module.

A display apparatus includes a display device including a display panel configured to display an image and a driving circuit part including a printed circuit board connected to the display panel, a first cover disposed at a rear surface of the display device, a first coupling member disposed between the first cover and the printed circuit board, and a vibration apparatus disposed at the rear surface of the display device and configured to vibrate the display device. The printed circuit board is disposed at one periphery of a rear surface of the first cover.

A window for a display device includes: a base layer; a first hard coating layer on the base layer; and a second hard coating layer on the first hard coating layer and having a thickness less than a thickness of the first hard coating layer, where the first hard coating layer is between the base layer and the second hard coating layer.

A structure for the testing of an electronic circuit for addressing a matrix of cells including a plurality of blocks containing at least one first material, piezoelectric and/or dielectric, the dielectric properties of which can be modulated according to the intensity of an electric field that is applied to it, at least one separation region between the blocks, the structure further including a shared electrode connected to a first end of the blocks containing the first material, a second end of the blocks containing the first material being arranged with respect to a face of the structure called “contact face”, so that when the contact face is disposed on the addressing circuit, the second end of the blocks is connected to at least one conductive stud of the addressing circuit.

The present disclosure is related to a display panel. The display panel may include a plurality of switch units. Each of the plurality of the switch units may include a first electrode; a second electrode; a third electrode; a fourth electrode opposite the first electrode; a piezoelectric material layer between the first electrode and the fourth electrode; a connecting electrode above the fourth electrode and electrically insulated from the fourth electrode; and a driving transistor comprising a driving gate. The driving gate may be the third electrode. An orthogonal projection of the second electrode and an orthogonal projection of the third electrode on a plane of the connecting electrode may overlap the connecting electrode respectively.

In example implementations, a display is provided. The display includes a piezo electric layer coupled to a power source, a plurality of light emitting diodes arranged on the piezo electric layer, an aperture layer, a thin film transistor layer, a liquid crystal layer formed over the thin film transistor layer, and a color filter layer. The aperture layer is located above the plurality of light emitting diodes such that light emitted from the plurality of light emitting diodes travels through respective apertures in the aperture layer. The color filter layer is formed over the liquid crystal layer to control a color of the light emitted from the plurality of light emitting diodes.

The present disclosure relates to a vibration generation device, a display apparatus including the vibration generation device, and a vehicle including the vibration generation device. A vibration generation device includes a piezoelectric ceramic part having a certain interval, a piezoelectric material layer between the piezoelectric ceramic parts, and an electrode part configured to provide electric field to one or more of the piezoelectric ceramic part and the piezoelectric material layer.

A fabrication method of a display panel, a display panel and a display device are provided. The method includes: forming a piezoelectric sensing layer on a first substrate; forming a surface acoustic wave driver to excite a surface acoustic wave on the piezoelectric sensing layer; forming a passivation layer on the piezoelectric sensing layer where the surface acoustic wave driver has been formed; forming grooves in the passivation layer; dropping polymer material into the passivation layer; driving the polymer material into the grooves by the surface acoustic wave; performing a first curing, so that the polymer material is fixedly connected with the grooves; and cell-assembling the first substrate and a second substrate.