The invention concerns ionic compounds in which the anionic load has been delocalized. A compound disclosed by the invention is comprised of an amide or one of its salts, including an anionic portion combined with at least one cationic portion M.sup.+m in sufficient numbers to ensure overall electronic neutrality; the compound is further comprised of M as a hydroxonium, a nitrosonium NO.sup.+, an ammonium NH.sub.4.sup.+, a metallic cation with the valence m, an organic cation with the valence m, or an organometallic cation with the valence m. The anionic portion matches the formula R.sub.FSO.sub.xN.sup.?Z, where R.sub.F is a perflourinated group, x is 1 or 3, and Z is an electroattractive substituent. The compounds can be used notably for ionic conducting materials, electronic conducting materials, colorants and the catalysis of various chemical reactions.

The present invention relates to a composition for an electrochromic device having improved optical transmission and elasticity, and a manufacturing method of an electrochromic member, wherein the composition for an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a light-transmitting polymer resin, a plasticizer, and an electrochromic material.

An optical element comprises a first electrode; a second electrode partially including insulating areas; a seal frame member located between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte layer that fills a space defined by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the seal frame member; a first connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; and a second connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, wherein, in an area surrounded by the seal frame member, a proportion of the insulating areas of the second electrode included in an unit area relatively close to the first connection electrode is higher than that included in an unit area positioned in the middle of the seal frame member.

The present invention relates to a display device.

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

An electrochromic device includes a chamber defined by a substantially transparent first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member; wherein: the first substrate comprises a first surface, and a second surface comprising a first substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating and disposed opposite to the first surface; the second substrate comprising a first surface comprising a second substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating, and a second surface disposed opposite to the first surface; the second surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate being located proximally to each other and having a substantially uniform spacing of distance, d, between them; and 0 m<d65 m; an electrochromic medium comprising a cathodic component, an anodic component, and a solvent; and insoluble spacing objects within the chamber, the insoluble spacing objects having a largest dimension that is greater than 0, but less than or equal to d.

Provided is an organic compound represented by general formula (1) or (2): ##STR00001## where in general formulae (1) and (2), X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R.sub.11 to R.sub.20 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. A.sub.1.sup.and A.sub.2.sup.each independently represent a monovalent anion.

A compound represented by the structure of Formula (I), or a salt thereof suitable for use as a buffer in an electrochromic device is disclosed.

The present invention relates to a composition for an electrochromic device having improved optical transmission and elasticity, and a manufacturing method of an electrochromic member, wherein the composition for an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a light-transmitting polymer resin, a plasticizer, and an electrochromic material.