Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition. In certain embodiments, the device includes a counter electrode having an anodically coloring electrochromic material in combination with an additive.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition. In certain embodiments, the device includes a counter electrode having an anodically coloring electrochromic material in combination with an additive.

A phase transformation electronic device comprises: a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer opposite to and spaced from the first conductive layer; a phase transformation material layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the phase transformation material layer is formed by a hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide having a structural formula of ABO.sub.xH.sub.y, wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5; and an ionic liquid layer disposed between the phase transformation material layer and the first conductive layer, wherein the ionic liquid layer is capable of providing hydrogen ions and oxygen ions.

A phase transformation electronic device comprises: a first conductive layer; a second conductive layer opposite to and spaced from the first conductive layer; a phase transformation material layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer, wherein the phase transformation material layer is formed by a hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide having a structural formula of ABO.sub.xH.sub.y, wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5; and an ionic liquid layer disposed between the phase transformation material layer and the first conductive layer, wherein the ionic liquid layer is capable of providing hydrogen ions and oxygen ions.

An inorganic solid-state electrochromic module containing an inorganic transparent conductive film, including a transparent substrate and a first transparent conductive layer, a first transparent metal layer, a first transparent protective layer, an inorganic electrochromic layer, an inorganic ion conductive layer, an inorganic ion storage layer, a second transparent metal layer, a second transparent protective layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a encapsulating film and a transparent front plate successively formed on the transparent substrate.

An inorganic solid-state electrochromic module containing an inorganic transparent conductive film, including a transparent substrate and a first transparent conductive layer, a first transparent metal layer, a first transparent protective layer, an inorganic electrochromic layer, an inorganic ion conductive layer, an inorganic ion storage layer, a second transparent metal layer, a second transparent protective layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a encapsulating film and a transparent front plate successively formed on the transparent substrate.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Disclosed are an electrochromic device including graphene electrodes and a method for making the same. An electrochromic device including graphene electrodes according to various example embodiments includes a first multilayer thin film structure connected to a first electrode of an external power source, and including a first graphene layer and a first metal protective layer formed on the first graphene layer to protect the first graphene layer from oxygen, a second multilayer thin film structure connected to a second electrode of the external power source, and including a second graphene layer and a second metal protective layer formed on the second graphene layer to protect the second graphene layer from oxygen, and an electrolyte charged between the first multilayer thin film structure and the second multilayer thin film structure.

The present disclosure provides an array substrate and a preparation method thereof, a display panel and a driving method thereof, which belongs to the field of display technology. The array substrate includes a base substrate, a driving circuit layer, a reflective electrode layer, a light-emitting layer, an electrochromic layer, and a common electrode layer. The driving circuit layer is provided with a first and second driving circuit. The reflective electrode layer is provided on a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base substrate and provided with a first and second reflective electrode insulated from each other. The light-emitting layer includes a light-emitting unit arranged on the surface of the second reflective electrode away from the base substrate. The electrochromic layer is arranged on the surface of the first reflective electrode away from the base substrate. The common electrode layer covers the electrochromic layer and the light-emitting unit.