Methods of charging an electrochromic device includes post assembly charging using a sacrificial redox agent, lithium diffusion into an electrode from a lithium layer or salt bridge charging, or pre assembly charging using proton photoinjection into an electrode.

An electrode for an electrochromic device includes a resistive layer disposed over a conductive layer. The resistive layer is disposed between the conductive layer and an electrochromic material in the electrochromic device. The electrode reduces non-uniform response of the electrochromic material when the electrochromic device is in operation.

An organic EL display device has a TFT formed on the substrate, and an organic EL layer formed on the TFT. A protective layer is formed on the organic EL layer, and a first bather layer which contains AlOx is formed between the substrate and the TFT.

An electrochromic device can include a substrate, a transparent conductive oxide layer over the substrate, and a bus bar over the substrate. The bus bar can include silver and has a resistivity of at most 6.7×10.sup.−6 Ω*cm, an average adhesion strength to SiO.sub.2 of at least 3N based on 20 measurements, as determined by Method A of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010), or a classification of at least 4, as determined by Method B of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010). In another aspect a process of forming an electrochromic device can include forming a transparent conductive oxide layer over a substrate; forming a bus bar precursor over the substrate, wherein the precursor includes silver; and firing the precursor to form a bus bar. Firing can be performed such that the first bus bar is at a temperature of at least 390° C.

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10.sup.8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

An electrochromic device includes a nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer that includes one or more transition metal oxide and one or more dopant. The electrochromic device also includes nanoparticles containing one or more transparent conducting oxide (TCO), a solid state electrolyte, a counter electrode, and at least one protective layer to prevent degradation of the one or more nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze. The nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze selectively modulates transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device.

Laminated articles and layered articles, for example, low alkali glass laminated articles and layered articles useful for, for example, electrochromic devices are described.

A vehicular driver monitoring system includes a driver monitoring camera disposed at an interior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle. The driver monitoring camera views a driver of the vehicle when the driver is driving the vehicle. The driver monitoring camera captures image data. An image processor is operable to process image data captured by the driver monitoring camera. The vehicular driver monitoring system determines driver performance based at least in part on (i) image processing by the image processor of image data captured by the driver monitoring camera, (ii) a vehicle characteristic and (iii) a condition exterior of the equipped vehicle. The vehicle characteristic includes at least one selected from the group consisting of (a) vehicle speed, (b) vehicle acceleration and (c) vehicle orientation.

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer

This application relates to an electrochromic lens. In one aspect, the lens includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer. The lens may also include an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and adjusting transmittance of light incident on the second surface of the substrate. The lens may further include a first conductor electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer. The lens may further include a second conductor electrically connected to the second electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer.