A reflective display device includes a display part including a fluid having dispersed therein particles having charges, an electric field applying unit including an electrode for applying an electric field to the display part, and a controller for controlling a color of light emitted from the display part, by adjusting at least one of an intensity, polarity, application time, number of applications, and application cycle of a voltage applied to the electric field applying unit, wherein the controller resets an alignment state of the particles by applying a driving voltage for controlling the color of light emitted from the display part, and then applying an alternating-current (AC) voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the driving voltage.

In a display method or device according to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two of a photonic crystal reflection mode, a unique color reflection mode and a transmittance tuning mode may be implemented to be switched to each other within the same unit pixel. In addition, a machine readable storage medium recording a computer program performing the display method is provided.

An electrophoretic element according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; and an electrophoretic layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and has a plurality of pixels. In each pixel, the electrophoretic layer includes a dispersion medium, and a plurality of types of electrophoretic particles dispersed in the dispersion medium. The plurality of types of electrophoretic particles include first electrophoretic particles and second electrophoretic particles that are charged with the same polarity and have different threshold characteristics from each other. In each pixel, the first substrate includes at least three electrodes to which different potentials can be applied.

A light-modulating element comprises: first and second transparent substrates arranged in opposition to one another; a first transparent electrode arranged on the opposition surface of the first transparent substrate; a plurality of light transmissive regions arranged between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent substrate so as to be separated from one another; a plurality of second transparent electrodes arranged at respective positions on the second transparent substrate opposing the respective light transmissive regions, and that are arranged so as to be separated by a given distance from the respective light transmissive regions; a plurality of third transparent electrodes arranged individually between the second transparent electrodes at a predetermined distance therefrom on the second transparent substrate side; and an electrophoretic member arranged within a gap formed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and that includes light-shielding electrophoretic particles.

A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Conventional total internal reflection image displays consist of mobile particles of a single charge and capable of displaying information consisting of two different optical states. The reflective image display embodiments described herein comprises particles of different charge states and optical characteristics in combination with multi-electrode arrays. This may allow for displaying information consisting of at least three different optical states.

A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

An electrophoretic display device includes a substrate, an electrophoretic display film, a plurality of second electrodes, and a plurality of third electrodes. The electrophoretic display film is disposed on the substrate and includes a display medium layer and a first electrode. The second electrodes and the third electrodes are disposed on the substrate and located between the display medium layer and the substrate. A first voltage received by each of the second electrodes is controlled by a corresponding thin-film transistor. The third electrodes and the second electrodes are alternately disposed in a direction. The first voltage is different from a second voltage received by the third electrodes.

An electrophoretic display device includes a substrate, an electrophoretic display film, a plurality of second electrodes, and a plurality of third electrodes. The electrophoretic display film is disposed on the substrate and includes a display medium layer and a first electrode. The second electrodes and the third electrodes are disposed on the substrate and located between the display medium layer and the substrate. A first voltage received by each of the second electrodes is controlled by a corresponding thin-film transistor. The third electrodes and the second electrodes are alternately disposed in a direction. The first voltage is different from a second voltage received by the third electrodes.

This application provides a display apparatus and an electronic device. The display apparatus includes a display panel, a shielding layer, and a light adjustment layer that are sequentially stacked from bottom to top. A plurality of monochrome pixels are distributed on the display panel. The shielding layer includes a light shielding structure and a plurality of through holes, the light shielding structure shields a first part of light, and the through holes are configured to allow a second part of light and a third part of light to pass through. An acute angle between the first part of light and a plane on which the display panel is located is less than a preset angle. The light adjustment layer includes a plurality of ink capsules.