The present disclosure is directed to an optically active medium comprising dye aggregates and optionally a nucleotide oligomer or other nucleotide-based architecture, which may be used in in optical devices, in particular nonreciprocal devices (i.e., devices in which energy flows in one direction only), that can respond to differences in the polarization of light. An analysis is presented of the energy levels and the strengths of the optical transitions (changes in energy states) for a three-chromophore (dye) aggregate in which the chromophores are coupled with a J-like (i.e., end-to-end) stacking. Specific devices and methods of use are also disclosed herein.

Nonlinear optical chromophores having one or more diamondoid groups covalently attached to the chromophore, methods of making nonlinear optical chromophores, their use in thin films and electro-optical devices containing such nonlinear optical chromophores and thin films comprising the same.

Hydrogels that degrade under appropriate conditions of pH and temperature by virtue of crosslinking compounds that cleave through an elimination reaction are described. The hydrogels may be used for delivery of various agents, such as pharmaceuticals.

Nonlinear optical chromophores having one or more diamondoid groups covalently attached to the chromophore, methods of making nonlinear optical chromophores, their use in thin films and electro-optical devices containing such nonlinear optical chromophores and thin films comprising the same.

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to electro-optic (EO) devices comprising: a substrate layer; an EO material layer deposited on at least a portion of the substrate layer, where the EO material layer comprises a polymer host material and a non-linear optic chromophore guest material; and an oxygen barrier layer encasing at least a portion of the EO material layer.

Nonlinear optical chromophores are provided that have a short chain bridging group between donor and acceptor, which chromophores exhibit lowered .sub.max values and narrow absorption bands. Electro-optic films prepared from nonlinear optical chromophores provided have enhanced transparency to wavelengths outside of the narrow absorption bands, as well as low optic loss, high thermal stability, and high photostability.

Nonlinear optical chromophores having one or more diamondoid groups covalentiy attached to the chromophore, methods of making nonlinear optical chromophores, their use in thin films and electro-optical devices containing such nonlinear optical chromophores and thin films comprising the same.

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to (1) nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, including (2) compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, and the methods of making the compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups (e.g., methods of drying and/or poling, and the like), (3) uses of NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups in electro-optic devices (e.g., EOMs).

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to (1) nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, including (2) compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups, and the methods of making the compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups (e.g., methods of drying and/or poling, and the like), (3) uses of NLO chromophores containing furanyl accepting groups in electro-optic devices (e.g., EOMs).

The present disclosure is directed, in general, to (1) nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, (2) compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores, and the methods of making the compositions/materials/resistive layers comprising NLO chromophores (e.g., methods of poling and/or drying, and the like), and (3) uses of NLO chromophores in electro-optic devices (e.g., electro-optic modulators (EOMs)).