An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin having a viscosity-average molecular weight less than about 50,000, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes an outermost layer that contains a charge transport material and a binder resin, in which the binder resin includes a polyester resin P.sub.A having an elastic deformation rate X.sub.A of 53.0% or greater and a polycarbonate resin P.sub.B having an elastic deformation rate X.sub.B that is less than the elastic deformation rate X.sub.A of the polyester resin P.sub.A by a range of 5% or greater and 12% or less.

A positively chargeable electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a single layer-type photosensitive layer that contains a hole transport material, an electron transport material, a charge generation material, and a binder resin, in which the binder resin contains a resin A having an elastic deformation rate of 53.0% or more and a resin B having an elastic deformation rate difference of 12% or more and 17% or less with respect to the resin A.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a binder resin and an inorganic particle. A value of a ratio of a volume of the inorganic particle to a volume of the binder resin in the surface layer is 1.0 or more and 4.0 or less. The binder resin is a polymerization product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer having a polymerizable functional group. The composition contains a (meth)acrylic monomer having 6 or more polymerizable functional groups. The (meth)acrylic monomer has a molecular weight of 540 or more and 1,300 or less. A content of the (meth)acrylic monomer in the composition is 40 mol % or more with respect to a total molar number of the polymerizable monomer in the composition. A surface of the surface layer has an arithmetic average roughness Rz of 150 nm or more and 400 nm or less.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a lamination type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate and including a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer in this order, in which the charge transport layer contains at least one resin selected from a polyester resin or a polycarbonate resin, and in a case where a Martens hardness and an indentation hardness, which are acquired by an indentation test performed on the charge transport layer to a depth of 0.5 m, are respectively defined as HM (N/mm.sup.2) and nIT (N/mm.sup.2), Relational Equation (0) is satisfied, an elastic deformation modulus is 45% or greater and 70% or less, and a tensile elastic modulus of the charge transport layer is 2,300 MPa or greater and 5,000 MPa or less,
nIT=aHMb(a=20.2,b=10020).(0)