An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit, first and second rotary members, a cleaning mechanism, and a separating mechanism. The first and second rotary members cooperatively form a nip portion configured to nip and convey the recording material while heating and fixing the tonner image onto the recording material. The cleaning mechanism includes a collecting roller. The cleaning mechanism is configured to clean the first rotary member by bringing the cleaning web into contact with the collecting roller that is in contact with the first rotary member and rotates together with the first rotary member. The separating mechanism is configured to separate the cleaning web from the collecting roller when the collecting roller is separated from the first rotary member.

A fixing device includes a heater, a fixing rotator, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a contact rotator, and circuitry. The fixing rotator has an outer circumferential surface having a first area and a second area. The first area contacts both a first sheet and a second sheet having a width narrower than the width of the first sheet. The second area contacts the first sheet but does not contact the second sheet. The first temperature sensor detects a first temperature of the first area. The second temperature sensor detects a second temperature of the second area. The contact rotator contacts both the first area and the second area and rotates at the one of at least two relative velocities with respect to the fixing rotator. The circuitry sets one of the at least two relative velocities based on the first temperature and the second temperature.

A heating device includes a rotator that rotates and a heater that heats the rotator. A rotator holder holds each lateral end of the rotator in a longitudinal direction of the rotator. The rotator holder is adhered with one of silicone oil and silicone grease, that contains siloxanes that are not smaller than a dodecamer and not greater than a heptadecamer and have a concentration not greater than 1,250 ppm.

A belt device includes a belt, a secured member, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The belt is rotatable and has an endless shape. The belt includes an inner portion having an inner circumferential surface. The inner portion has an elastic power of 55% or more. The inner circumferential surface of the belt slides on the secured member. The pressure rotator includes a porous elastic body and presses the secured member via the belt to form a nip between the belt and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is interposed between the inner circumferential surface of the belt and the secured member.

A heating device includes a first rotator, a heater including a base having a slide face over which an inner face of the first rotator slides, a second rotator forming an outer face nip between the first rotator and the second rotator and a slide nip between the heater and the inner face, and a lubricant holder disposed between the first rotator and the heater to hold a lubricant. The first rotator, the lubricant holder, and the lubricant satisfy a formula of H×X1×R×G≤A≤V×G, where H is a height of a roughness of the inner face, X1 is a longitudinal length of the first rotator, R is a circumference of the first rotator, G is a specific gravity of the lubricant, A is an application amount of the lubricant on the slide face or the inner face, and V is a volume of the lubricant holder.

A fixing device includes a rotator, a heat source to heat the rotator, a first thermal equalization plate, a second thermal equalization plate, and an overheating preventer. The first thermal equalization plate and the second equalization plate are in contact with the heat source. The overheating preventer is in contact with one end of the second thermal equalization plate in an axial direction of the rotator. The first thermal equalization plate is in contact with a portion of the heat source, and the portion of the heat source is farther from a center of the rotator than the one end of the second thermal equalization plate in the axial direction of the rotator. The first thermal equalization plate is spaced apart from the one end of the second thermal equalization plate.

An image forming apparatus includes: a lubricant supplier that supplies a lubricant onto an image carrier; a fixing member that is rotatable, and comes into contact with the image carrier to fix the lubricant supplied onto the image carrier; and a hardware processor that controls rotation of the fixing member.

A fixing device includes a rotating body, an endless belt, a base material of the endless belt being made of a heat-resistant resin having a glass transition temperature of 140° C. or more, a heater configured to heat at least one of the rotating body and the endless belt, a sliding sheet contacting an inner circumferential surface of the endless belt, a base material of the sliding sheet being made of a heat-resistant resin having a glass transition temperature of 140° C. or more, a pressure pad, the endless belt and the sliding sheet being interposed between the pressure pad and the rotating body, and grease provided between the endless belt and the sliding sheet. The grease includes a base oil made of a fluorine oil and a thickener made of a solid lubricant containing fluorine. The consistency of the grease is 330 to 385 at 25° C.

A fixing device includes a fixing film, a heater for heating the fixing film, a heater holder including a heater holding portion holding the heater, and a pressing roller forming a nip between itself and the fixing film to be heated by the heater. In the nip, a toner image carried on a recording material is fixed. The heater holder includes an opposing surface which is provided on a side upstream of the heater holding portion with respect to a recording material feeding direction and which opposes the pressing roller, a lubricant holding portion provided on the opposing surface, for supplying a lubricant to between the fixing film and the heater, and a projected portion provided on the side upstream of the heater holding portion with respect to the recording material feeding direction and projecting toward the pressing roller from the opposing surface.

Offset print apparatus comprises: a blanket to receive print agent; a non-contact temperature sensor to monitor electromagnetic radiation from a measurement location of the blanket and generate a respective output; and a controller to: receive the output from the non-contact temperature sensor; determine coverage information relating to a print agent coverage of the blanket at the measurement location; and calculate a temperature of the blanket at the measurement location taking into account both the output from the non-contact temperature sensor and the determined coverage information.