A fixing device includes a rotator, a secured member, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The rotator has flexibility and a sleeve form. The rotator includes an inner portion having a sliding surface. The inner portion has an elastic power of 55% or more. The secured member is disposed inside a loop of the rotator and has a slide surface on which the sliding surface of the rotator is to slide. The slide surface has a smaller surface roughness in a sliding direction of the rotator than a surface roughness of the sliding surface in the sliding direction of the rotator. The pressure rotator presses the rotator against the secured member and forms a nip between the rotator and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is provided between the rotator and the secured member.

A fixing device, including: a cylindrical belt; a heater including a base plate and a heating element provided on the base plate; a holder supporting the heater; and a heat-conductive member disposed between the heater and the holder and having a higher heat conductivity than the base plate, wherein the heat-conductive member includes: a contact portion opposed to a region of the base plate between a one-side end and an other-side end of the heating element in the first direction; a first non-contact portion opposed to a region of the base plate in which the one-side end is located, the first side portion being not in contact with the heater, and a second non-contact portion opposed to a region of the base plate in which the other-side end is located, the second side portion being not in contact with the contact portion.

A polymer material molded product includes a polymer material and a porous carbon material having an X-ray diffraction spectral characteristic shown in the following (1) or (2), (1): a peak derived from a (002) plane of carbon is observed, a half width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and a half width of a peak derived from a (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less, and (2): the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is not observed, and the half width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less.

An endless belt includes a resin and an acicular filler of which a thermal conductivity is 220 W/mK or more and 320 W/mK or less, a volume resistivity is 10.sup.11 Ωcm or more and 10.sup.16 Ωcm or less, and a content with respect to the endless belt is 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.

Providing a laminate having an excellent adhesiveness between a base layer and a surface layer while having a good flexibility. In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the laminate of the present disclosure comprises at least a base layer, an intermediate layer and a surface layer, wherein a base layer composition contains an urethane resin, an intermediate layer composition contains an energy ray curable resin having (meth)acryloyl group in a molecule thereof, and, a non-UV curable resin having only isocyanate group as reactive functional group, and a surface layer composition contains a UV curable resin having the (meth)acryloyl group in the molecule.

A heater includes: a substrate; a heating element, provided on a first surface of the substrate and extending in a longitudinal direction of the substrate; a protection part, provided on the first surface, extending in the longitudinal direction of the substrate, and covering the heating element; and at least one relaxation part, provided on a second surface of the substrate facing the first surface. A coefficient of thermal expansion of the protection part and a coefficient of thermal expansion of the at least one relaxation part are different from a coefficient of thermal expansion of the substrate. A material of the at least one relaxation part is the same as a material of the protection part, or a main component of the material of the at least one relaxation part is the same as a main component of the material of the protection part.

A fixing device includes: a first roller on which an elastic layer is formed; and a second roller that forms a clamping portion at which a recording medium is clamped between the first roller and the second roller, a groove extending in an axial direction being formed in an outer peripheral surface of the second roller, and the second roller not including an elastic layer.

A fixing belt and a fixing device suppress charging of the fixing belt and permit securing of a withstand voltage of secondary parts of the fixing belt are provided in addition to a heater. The fixing belt is formed of a tubular endless fixing film including, in order from an inner peripheral side of the film, abase layer, an elastic layer, and a release layer. A surface resistivity of the fixing belt measured from the base layer side is 7 [LOG Ω/sq.] or more and 10 [LOG Ω/sq.] or less.

A belt device includes a belt, a secured member, a pressure rotator, and lubricant. The belt is rotatable and has an endless shape. The belt includes an inner portion having an inner circumferential surface. The inner portion has an elastic power of 55% or more. The inner circumferential surface of the belt slides on the secured member. The pressure rotator includes a porous elastic body and presses the secured member via the belt to form a nip between the belt and the pressure rotator. The lubricant is interposed between the inner circumferential surface of the belt and the secured member.

A fixing member for electrophotography having an endless shape has a base layer having an endless shape, and an elastic layer on the outer circumferential surface of the base layer. The elastic layer includes a silicone rubber and a filler dispersed in the silicone rubber. The total amount of the filler compounded in the elastic layer is 30 vol % or less based on the total volume of the elastic layer. The elastic layer satisfies the relation of λtd>λmd>λnd. λtd is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in the circumferential direction, λnd is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in the thickness direction, and λmd, is a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in the longitudinal direction. λtd is 2.0 W/(m.Math.K) or more, and λnd is 1.3 W/(m.Math.K) or more.