A processing device includes a branch IP table and branch predication circuitry coupled to the branch IP table. The branch predication circuitry to: determine a dynamic convergence point in a conditional branch of set of instructions; store the dynamic convergence point in the branch IP table; fetch a first and second speculative path of the conditional branch; while determining which of the first speculative path and the second speculative path is a taken path of the conditional branch and determining whether a dynamic convergence point is fetched corresponding to the stored dynamic convergence point, stall scheduling of instructions of the first speculative path and the second speculative path; and in response to determining that one of the first speculative path and the second speculative path is the taken path and the fetched dynamic convergence point corresponds to the stored convergence point, resume scheduling of the instructions of the taken path.

Systems and methods for controlling machine operations are provided. A number of data entries are organized into a stack. Each data entry includes a type, a flag, a length, and a value or pointer entry. For each data entry in the stack, the type of data is determined from the type entry, the presence of an address or value is determined by the respective flag entry, and a length of the address or value is determined from the respective length entry. The data to be utilized or an address for the same at the electronic storage area is provided at the respective value or pointer entry.

Methods of encoding and decoding are described which use a variable number of instruction words to encode instructions from an instruction set, such that different instructions within the instruction set may be encoded using different numbers of instruction words. To encode an instruction, the bits within the instruction are reordered and formed into instruction words based upon their variance as determined using empirical or simulation data. The bits in the instruction words are compared to corresponding predicted values and some or all of the instruction words that match the predicted values are omitted from the encoded instruction.

A Sort Lists instruction is provided to perform a sort and/or a merge operation. The instruction is an architected machine instruction of an instruction set architecture and is executed by a general-purpose processor of the computing environment. The executing includes sorting a plurality of input lists to obtain one or more sorted output lists, which are output.

Methods, circuitries, and systems for real-time protection of a stack are provided. A stack protection circuitry includes interface circuitry and computation circuitry. The interface is circuitry configured to receive a return instruction from a central processing unit (CPU). The computation circuitry is configured to, in response to the return instruction, generate protection data that i) identifies a new topmost return address location that is below a current protected topmost return address location and ii) specifies read only access for the new topmost return address location. The interface circuitry is configured to provide the protection data to a memory protection unit to cause the memory protection unit to enforce a read only access restriction on the new topmost return address location.

Methods of encoding and decoding are described which use a variable number of instruction words to encode instructions from an instruction set, such that different instructions within the instruction set may be encoded using different numbers of instruction words. To encode an instruction, the bits within the instruction are re-ordered and formed into instruction words based upon their variance as determined using empirical or simulation data. The bits in the instruction words are compared to corresponding predicted values and some or all of the instruction words that match the predicted values are omitted from the encoded instruction.

A computer processor is provided that employs a plurality of operand storage elements that store operand data values and associated meta-data as unitary operand data elements as well as at least one functional unit that performs operations that produce and access the unitary operand data elements stored in the plurality of operand storage elements. The meta-data associated with a given operand data value as part of a unitary operand data element can specify type of the unitary operand data element (e.g., vector or scalar), elemental width and floating-point error flags. The meta-data can also be used to define special operand data values (e.g., Not-a-Result and None). The meta-data is useful in optimizing execution, such as in speculation and vectorized SIMD operations. The computer processor can also support a number of particular vector operations that are useful in optimizing execution of vectorized SIMD operations.

A method of an aspect includes receiving an instruction indicating a destination storage location. A result is stored in the destination storage location in response to the instruction. The result includes a sequence of at least four consecutive non-negative integers in numerical order. In an aspect, the instruction does not indicate a source packed data operand having a plurality of packed data elements in an architecturally-visible storage location. Other methods, apparatus, systems, and instructions are disclosed.

A processing device includes a branch IP table and branch predication circuitry coupled to the branch IP table. The branch predication circuitry to: determine a dynamic convergence point in a conditional branch of set of instructions; store the dynamic convergence point in the branch IP table; fetch a first and second speculative path of the conditional branch; while determining which of the first speculative path and the second speculative path is a taken path of the conditional branch and determining whether a dynamic convergence point is fetched corresponding to the stored dynamic convergence point, stall scheduling of instructions of the first speculative path and the second speculative path; and in response to determining that one of the first speculative path and the second speculative path is the taken path and the fetched dynamic convergence point corresponds to the stored convergence point, resume scheduling of the instructions of the taken path.

A microcontroller includes a program memory, data memory, central processing unit, at least one register module, a memory management unit, and a transport network. Instructions are executed in one clock cycle via an instruction word. The instruction word indicates the source module from which data is to be retrieved and the destination module to which data is to be stored. The address/data capability of an instruction word may be extended via a prefix module. If an operation is performed on the data, the source module or the destination module may perform the operation during the same clock cycle in which the data is transferred.