Shader resources may be specified for input to a shader using a hierarchical data structure which may be referred to as a descriptor set. The descriptor set may be bound to a bind point of the shader and may contain slots with pointers to memory containing shader resources. The shader may reference a particular slot of the descriptor set using an offset, and may change shader resources by referencing a different slot of the descriptor set or by binding or rebinding a new descriptor set. A graphics pipeline may be specified by creating a pipeline object which specifies a shader and a rendering context object, and linking the pipeline object. Part or all of the pipeline may be validated, cross-validated, or optimized during linking.

Structural identification of dynamically generated, pattern-instantiation classes may be utilized using structural descriptions. Instead of describing classes only by name, and using that name to locate that class, a class may be referred to by a generator function and arguments to the generator function. A structural description may specify the generator function and the parameters. In addition, a structural description of a class may be used as a parameter to a generator function specified by another structural description. A structural description may be used similarly to a class name for virtually any situation in which a class name may be used. Classes may be compared using their structural descriptions. For example, two structural descriptions may be considered to be the same class if they specify the same generator function and parameters.

A component invoking method includes obtaining component invoking data corresponding to a child application. The component invoking data includes a component identifier identifying a first native component in a parent application and corresponding to a current system platform and a second native component running on another system platform and having a same function as the first native component. The method further includes transferring the component invoking data to a native layer corresponding to the parent application using a communications channel corresponding to the current system platform and invoking the first native component by the native layer based on the component invoking data.

Systems of the present disclosure provide a versatile, reusable mock server to respond to Application-Programming-Interface (API) requests. The mock server receives an API request and a cookie associated with the API request. The API server identifies response instructions found in the cookie. The response instructions may include a static response value, a name of an API server for the mock server to imitate, or code for the mock server to execute in the process of generating a mock API response. The mock server generates a mock API response based on the response instructions and sends the mock API response in reply to the API request.

A class unloading method comprises: loading, by an electronic device, n classes after an application is started, where n is a positive integer; generating a reference mapping table, where the reference mapping table includes a reference relationship between the n classes and m class objects corresponding to the n classes and a dependency relationship between the m class objects corresponding to the n classes, the dependency relationship is used to represent an interdependency mapping relationship between different class objects, and m is a positive integer greater than or equal to n; and unloading a first class of the n classes based on the reference mapping table in an operation process of the application.

Embodiments include a code loader method for loading attributes corresponding to an isolated method by a container-based language runtime. The attributes are received by the container-based language runtime without any specified container for storage of the isolated method attributes. The attributes received as parameters of code loader method and include instructions, live objects, and parameter types corresponding to the isolated method. The container-based language runtime selects a first-order container for storing the attributes of the isolated method.

At design-time, an owner data object and a container reference object are defined. At runtime, an instance of the defined owner data object an instance of defined relationship construction parameters are instantiated. At runtime, an instance of the defined container reference object and an instance of a defined data source object are instantiated using the instantiated relationship construction parameters. At runtime, an instance of a defined target data object is instantiated by calling an interface of the instantiated data source object. At runtime, the instance of the target data object is cached in the instance of the container reference object.

Systems of the present disclosure provide a versatile, reusable mock server to respond to Application-Programming-Interface (API) requests. The mock server receives an API request and a cookie associated with the API request. The API server identifies response instructions found in the cookie. The response instructions may include a static response value, a name of an API server for the mock server to imitate, or code for the mock server to execute in the process of generating a mock API response. The mock server generates a mock API response based on the response instructions and sends the mock API response in reply to the API request.

Provided herein are methods, systems, and computer-program products for providing a library of base classes to be used by applications to facilitate real-time analytics. In some examples, the library may be a C++ Library that provides a set of primitive operators (e.g., spout base class, tube base class, and sink base class) for user derivation. In some examples, the spout base class may relate to receiving data from a data source, the tube base class may relate to performing one or more operations on the received data, and the sink base class may relate to sending the processed data to a data target. The spout, tube, sink together provide a real-time streaming framework interface that may be extended by the user.

System, device, method, and computer program and computer program products for providing communicating between devices having similar or dissimilar characteristics and facilitating seamless interoperability between them. Computer program software and methods of and systems and devices for sharing of content, applications, resources and control across similar and dissimilar permanently or intermittently connected electronic devices. Devices, systems, appliances, and the like communicating and/or interoperating within the framework provided. A social synchronization interoperability method, such as a Dart Social Synchronization method provides an efficient and easy to administrate method for synchronizing specific sets of data and/or operations across any number of devices and protocols without the need for every device to contact a master device, or for any device to act as a master. Social synchronization of devices and content provides an advantageous alternative to mastered synchronization techniques.