A method of forming a vertical transistor includes forming a fin structure on a substrate, forming a gate structure on the fin structure, and forming a bottom source/drain (S/D) region on the fin structure, such that an air gap is formed between the bottom S/D region and the gate structure.

Described in detail herein is a method of copying data of one or more virtual machines being hosted by one or more non-virtual machines. The method includes receiving an indication that specifies how to perform a copy of data of one or more virtual machines hosted by one or more virtual machine hosts. The method may include determining whether the one or more virtual machines are managed by a virtual machine manager that manages or facilitates management of the virtual machines. If so, the virtual machine manager is dynamically queried to automatically determine the virtual machines that it manages or that it facilitates management of. If not, a virtual machine host is dynamically queried to automatically determine the virtual machines that it hosts. The data of each virtual machine is then copied according to the specifications of the received indication.

In one embodiment, automated storage target selection includes automatically selecting a storage node of a plurality of candidate storage nodes as a function of a plurality of selection criteria. Further, a backup data object is transmitted to the selected storage node. In one embodiment, selecting a storage node includes retrieving stored user-defined parameters for selection criteria for selecting a storage node, retrieving storage node-defined parameters for selection criteria, comparing user-defined parameters and storage node-defined parameters, and selecting a storage node as a function of the comparing. In another aspect of the present description, comparing user-defined parameters and storage node-defined parameters includes broadening a first user-defined parameter to a second user-defined parameter broader than the first user-defined parameter if no candidate storage nodes have a storage node-defined parameter within the first user-defined parameter. Other features and aspects may be realized, depending upon the particular application.

Described screenshot verification systems and methods for automatically verifying the integrity of a backup image or other process-of-interest using a screenshot verification system, as well as disaster recovery systems including said systems and performing said methods. In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, a virtual machine is booted and screenshots of the boot process are taken, which are used by a trained model, such as a convolutional neural network, to determine a boot state consistency. The systems and methods described deliver over 99% accuracy and do not involve regular expression analysis typical of conventional methods.

Systems and methods for determining an access pattern in a computing system. Accesses to a file may contain random accesses and sequential accesses. The file may be divided into multiple regions and the accesses to each region are tracked. The access pattern for each region can then be determined independently of the access patterns of other regions of the file.

The present invention relates to a firmware provision apparatus and a provision method therefor. The firmware provision apparatus according to the present invention comprises: a memory that stores firmware data of a specific device; and a processor that divides the firmware data into two or more logical blocks, and generates a firmware image including the logical blocks obtained from the division, wherein the logical blocks include data areas in which the corresponding divided firmware data is stored and buffer areas in which data about changed details of the corresponding divided firmware data is stored.

Data backup in a vehicle, where a datum is generated by a function implemented on a first control device of the vehicle. The securing of the datum generated is determined using the configuration data stored in a first control device. If the datum generated is to be protected, it is cryptographically marked and/or encrypted. The cryptographically marked and/or encrypted datum is stored in a memory of the first control device. In addition the cryptographically marked and/or encrypted datum or a value derived therefrom is sent over an electronic network of the vehicle to at least one second control device, received by the latter and stored in a memory of the second control device.

Information source agent systems and methods for distributed content storage and management using content signatures that use file identicality properties are provided. A data management system is provided that includes a content engine for managing the storage of file content, a content signature generator that generates a unique content signature for a file processed by the content engine, a content signature comparator that compares content signatures and a content signature repository that stores content signatures. Information source agents are provided that include content signature generators and content signature comparators. Methods are provided for the efficient management of files using content signatures that take advantage of file identicality properties. Content signature application modules and registries exist within information source clients and centralized servers to support the content signature methods.

Techniques are provided for incrementally restoring a virtual machine hosted by a computing environment. In response to receiving an indication that the virtual machine is to be incrementally restored, a snapshot of the virtual machine may be created while the virtual machine is shut down into an off state. The snapshot is transmitted to a storage environment as a common snapshot. The snapshot and the common snapshot are common snapshots comprising a same representation of the virtual machine. The common snapshot and a prior snapshot of the virtual machine are evaluated to identify a data difference of the virtual machine between the common snapshot and the prior snapshot. An incremental restore is performed of the virtual machine by transmitting the data difference from the storage environment to the computing environment to restore the virtual machine to a state represented by the prior snapshot.

A “backup services container” comprises “backup toolkits,” which include scripts for accessing containerized applications plus enabling utilities/environments for executing the scripts. The backup services container is added to Kubernetes pods comprising containerized applications without changing other pod containers. For maximum value and advantage, the backup services container is “over-equipped” with toolkits. The backup services container selects and applies a suitable backup toolkit to a containerized application to ready it for a pending backup. Interoperability with a proprietary data storage management system provides features that are not possible with third-party backup systems. Some embodiments include one or more components of the proprietary data storage management within the illustrative backup services container. Some embodiments include one or more components of the proprietary data storage management system in a backup services pod configured in a Kubernetes node. All configurations and embodiments are suitable for cloud and/or non-cloud computing environments.