It is an object of the present invention to provide a Japanese encephalitis preventive agent and a Japanese encephalitis vaccine agent, which are capable of imparting sufficient immunity to humans, even if these agents are used at a lower dose than the dose of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine for subcutaneous injection, or at a smaller number of administrations than the number of administrations of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine for subcutaneous injection. According to the present invention, provided is a Japanese encephalitis preventive agent, comprising a microneedle array having a sheet portion and a plurality of needle portions present on the upper surface of the sheet portion, wherein the aforementioned needle portions contain or carry an inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus.

An adhesive composite dressing useful for applying an active ingredient to a treated skin site, as well as methods of manufacture and use of such dressings. In one embodiment, an adhesive composite dressing comprising an anchor member, a target member, and a folding member, where the anchor member comprises a first skin-contact adhesive, the target member comprises an opening adapted to enable skin treatment, the folding member comprises a drug reservoir, and where the folding member is attached to the anchor portion through a hinge defined by a line of attachment that is not contiguous with an edge of the anchor member.

A needle-shaped structure includes a needle-shaped projection and a support substrate supporting the projection wherein the projection contains at least a chitosan and an organic acid, places a low burden on a living body and is able to keep the microscopic form after puncture into the skin.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for treatment of addictive cravings e.g., from nicotine. Embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract agent is used to retain agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. In particular embodiments, a dose of agent may be delivered on-demand using an input from the patient using an inhalation sensing device which mimics an inhaled form of tobacco.

Disclosed is a microneedle coating composition comprising a Japanese encephalitis vaccine antigen, a basic amino acid, and an acid, wherein the mole number of the acid for one mole of the basic amino acid is larger than 1/(N+1) and less than 2, where N represents the valence of the acid.

A method of forming a microneedle array can include forming a microneedle array that has one or more bioactive component. The microneedle array can include a base portion and plurality of microneedles extending from the base portion, and the one or more bioactive components can be combined with other components to exhibit specific release kinetics when the microneedle array is inserted into the skin of a patient.

A method of producing a transdermal absorption sheet includes: filling needle-like recessed portions of a mold with a drug solution that is a polymer solution containing a drug; drying the drug solution filling the needle-like recessed portions to form a drug layer containing the drug; supplying a polymer layer forming solution to the mold, the mold provided with a step portion that has a height different from a height of a region in which the needle-like recessed portion is formed in a periphery of the region in which the needle-like recessed portion is formed in a range of equal to or greater than the step portion as seen from above, and then fixing a contact position of the polymer layer forming solution and the mold to the step portion while reducing the polymer layer forming solution; and drying the polymer layer forming solution to form a polymer layer.

A composition for relieving pain, and methods of making and using the composition, whereby the composition comprises an amount of sugar or sugar alcohol; and an amount of vehicle; wherein the composition is formulated for transdermal administration; and wherein, upon transdermal administration, the composition is effective to relieve pain. As to particular embodiments, the composition further comprises an amount of alkalizing agent.

Methods for delivery of a biologic agent to the dermis or superficial muscles by topical application of the agent are provided. The methods comprise, in one embodiment, treating or conditioning a skin area to disrupt the stratum corneum in the skin area to define a treated skin area and applying a formulation comprising a biologic agent to the treated skin area.

Low-viscosity nucleic acid compositions that can be administered by oral or multiple parenteral routes may allow for less frequent dosing than nucleic acid products currently on the market. In particular, low-viscosity defibrotide formulations for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, and intraperitoneal administration are more convenient to the patient and/or are administered outside of the hospital setting. Formulations of the invention may be used for the treatment of numerous conditions including for example, treatment of peripheral arteriopathies, treatment of acute renal insufficiency, treatment of acute myocardial ischemia, and treatment and prevention of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome or VOD.