A buffered body fluid expander solution, in which the buffer is a physiologically acceptable buffer that is not an inorganic phosphate buffer, comprises calcium ions and magnesium ions at a concentration ratio of 5:1 to 1:1. The solutions are useful for the manufacture of medicaments and blood volume expanders, for treating hypovolemia or for treating the loss of extracellular and interstitial fluid in subjects suffering with burns, for treating respiratory and/or metabolic acidosis in a subject, for perfusion of the abdominal cavity during peritoneal dialysis of a subject with acute renal failure or an acute toxicity condition, for preventing and/or ameliorating reperfusion injury, and for delivering a therapeutic, test and/or synergistic agent to a subject, including a biological agent, such as at least one stem cell, peptide or genomic derived protein.

A method for measuring, adjusting and maintaining the level of blood volume in a patient is described. A blood volume expander composition includes, in combination, a standard unmodified protein, colloid or crystalloid and a fluorescently-labeled protein, colloid or crystalloid of approximately the same molecular weight. The use of blood volume expanders to measure, adjust and maintain the level of blood volume in a patient also is described.

Methods and compositions for improving postoperative recovery are described. The compositions used in the methods include blood plasma and blood plasma fractions derived from blood plasma with efficacy in treating and/or preventing conditions associated with postoperative recovery.

A composition for restoring or increasing tissue perfusion is provided. The composition includes polyethylene glycol polymers (PEG) with a molecular weight of 18,000-100,000 Da at a concentration of 5-20% by weight; PEG with a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 Da at a concentration of 1-30% by weight; and water, wherein said PEG with a molecular weight of 18,000-100,000 Da and said PEG with a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 Da are dissolved or dispersed in said water.

Methods and compositions for treating and/or preventing aging-related conditions are described. The compositions used in the methods include blood plasma and blood plasma fractions derived from blood plasma with efficacy in treating and/or preventing aging-related conditions such as cognitive disorders. The methods relate to a regimen of pulsed dosing of blood plasma or blood plasma fractions.

A system and method for freeze-drying a heat-sensitive substance. In some embodiments, the system and method include freeze-drying the heat-sensitive substance in an upright container with a membrane for transmitting air or vapor solvent out of the container.

A method of treating a mammal comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition to the mammal to improve mitochondrial function and efficiency, wherein the poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition comprises a clathrate containing available free oxygen gas (O.sub.2) molecules. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition mitigates the development and the progression of sarcopenia, reduces muscle atrophy, and generates triphosphate (ATP). The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide composition may have a particle size under 1 micron allowing it to improve the mitochondrial function.

A composition including a plant medium and a poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide that comprises a clathrate containing oxygen gas molecules. The poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide may comprise of a poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide. The composition may include one or more nutrients. The composition may be in a solid form, a fluid form, or a combination thereof. The poly-oxygenated aluminum hydroxide is soluble in a fluid. In one embodiment, the poly-oxygenated metal hydroxide composition may have particles having a diameter of 212 m or less, and which may be homogeneous.

A composition for restoring or increasing tissue perfusion is provided. The composition includes polyethylene glycol polymers (PEG) with a molecular weight of 18,000-100,000 Da at a concentration of 5-20% by weight; PEG with a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 Da at a concentration of 1-30% by weight; and water, wherein said PEG with a molecular weight of 18,000-100,000 Da and said PEG with a molecular weight of 1,000-10,000 Da are dissolved or dispersed in said water.

The invention provides liquid compositions in the form of physically stable emulsions comprising a semifluorinated alkane. The semifluorinated alkane is comprised in the dispersed phase, which may also include an active pharmaceutical ingredient. One of the preferred active ingredients is propofol. The compositions are optionally heat sterilisable and can be used for pharmaceutical or cosmetic product applications, and administered topically, intravenously, or via other routes.