The disclosure relates to, among other things, systems and methods for mitigating the risks of errors, benign or otherwise, occurring within trusted ledgers and/or for validating the integrity of information provided by operators of trusted ledgers. Consistent with embodiments disclosed herein, trusted agents, which may comprise proxy agents and/or test agents, may be employed to examine ledgers and/or derivatives, which may be meshed with other ledgers, to ensure the integrity of information provided by ledger operators. Ledger meshing techniques are described to link ledgers in a manner that improves the ability to verify ledger entries and/or recover from data faults. Further embodiments provide for tagging processes may be performed to give semantic meaning to hashes included in trusted ledgers.

A computer implemented method allows the storage of tracked data records in a blockchain in order to incentivize airlines, ground handlers, IT Suppliers and airports to invest in tracking points for tracking baggage. The usage of tracking data records is determined by a smart contract. The smart contract causes a specific entry in a wallet and each entry represents the usage of tracking data records.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a transaction processing method, apparatus, device and system for a multi-chain system. The multi-chain system includes a mainchain and at least one slave-chain, a multi-chain network of the multi-chain system includes a plurality of nodes, and each node is deployed with one or more of the mainchain and the slave-chains. The method is executed by a slave-chain node deployed with the slave-chain. The method includes: generating slave-chain blocks based on a slave-chain consensus mechanism, and storing the slave-chain blocks on the slave-chain; and in response to determining that a confirmation condition of the mainchain is met, transmitting a slave-chain block to be confirmed on the slave-chain to nodes of the mainchain, to request consensus nodes of the mainchain to confirm the slave-chain block to be confirmed, and storing confirmation information of the slave-chain block to be confirmed on the mainchain.

Embodiments of the present disclosure leverage distributed ledger technologies to exert user-centric control over data shared with third party service providers. User access provider (UAP) devices manage user-configured permissions and metadata that control access to user data by the third party service providers. Permissions may enable service providers to access, write, and share user data with other service providers having appropriate permissions. Users may provide data to various service providers as they interact with services supported by the platform and as the data is received it may be validated and then stored on the distributed ledger. Data may be periodically synchronized across different service provider nodes responsible for maintaining the distributed ledger to ensure consistency with respect to each user's data. Additionally, users may revoke permissions, such as if the user stops using a service, and data associated with revoked permissions may be purged or deleted from the distributed ledger.

A system and method for document transformation and recordation is provided. Documents for a transaction of real property are identified based on a jurisdiction in which the real property is located. Each document includes a plurality of data fields and each data field is associated with a data field identifier. A data value is received in at least one of the data fields of one or more of the documents. The data fields in the documents associated with the data field identifiers that match the data field identifiers of the data fields in which the data values are received are identified. The identified data fields are automatically populated with the data values based on the data field identifiers associated with the data values. A completeness rule is applied to the documents by verifying whether all required documents for completing the transaction in the jurisdiction are satisfied by the documents.

A method for forming a blockchain allowing to ensure that any transaction emitted by a client is incorporated into the blockchain. This method involves N validator nodes of the network, including at most F faulty nodes with N > 3F , and implements a consensus mechanism tolerant of Byzantine faults. Each validator node forms a block of transactions received from the clients by selecting them according to their order of arrival and broadcasts this block to the other validator nodes. The validator node concatenates the block that it formed with a plurality of blocks received from the other nodes to form a composite block of f ≥ F + 1 blocks. Each validator node determines whether the composite blocks that it receives from the other validator nodes are valid, and if it receives N - F approval messages for the same composite block, validates the latter in the form of a decided composite block by adding to it a quorum certificate.

Techniques are described for creating and tracking audit trails, including regulatory compliance trails, using a distributed ledger. The techniques include determining, via the first processor, if data is to be provided for use in an audit, and if the data is to be provided then executing an audit trail routing system to route the data into at least one audit trail. The techniques further include storing, via the first processor, the data of the at least one audit trail in a least one block of digital distributed ledger system, and distributing, via the first processor, the at least one block among nodes of the digital distributed ledger system, wherein the digital distributed ledger system is configured to immutably store the data of the at least one audit trail.

A blockchain network, in which each node is able to be dynamically assigned different function for a given transaction that can be executed in parallel, includes a first node configured to send a transaction validation request for a transaction using a peer-to-peer (P2P) network; and a second node, configured to validate the transaction in response to the transaction validation request from the first node, and further configured to inform the first node of an approval of the transaction using a P2P network in response to the validation. The first node sends a notification message indicating completion of the transaction to a third node using a P2P network in response to the approval.

This disclosure describes systems and methods for employing interlinking multiple independent and separately-scalable blockchains to create globally verifiable unique identifiers. The disclosed systems and methods facilitate the creation of the globally verifiable unique identifiers to a level of scalability unattainable without employing the underlying two-dimensional blockchain structure, metadata, and cryptographic information stored on the blockchain. Moreover, the system avoids collisions and name conflicts among the globally verifiable unique identifiers, supports post-creation verification of the globally verifiable unique identifiers, and provides a variety of ancillary functions using the globally verifiable unique identifiers.

A method for configuring peer-to-peer communication in an industrial automation system including at least two control devices, each control device being arranged for hosting as separate instances an OPC UA server, an OPC UA subscriber service, and an OPC UA publisher service, the method including retrieving an OPC UA object list for each control device, the object list indicating all OPC UA objects managed by each respective control device, and presenting the OPC UA objects and control devices for user input. The method further including obtaining user input, configuring for each control device publisher and subscriber service parameters in a configuration file for each respective control device, and transferring the configuration file to the publisher and subscriber services of each respective control device. Also disclosed are an industrial automation system and industrial control devices configured to implement the disclosed method.