Disclosed herein are fully synthetic polymer-based lung surfactant materials, for the first time, as next generation SRT. In vitro studies on these polymer lung surfactants show that the candidate materials effectively mimic the surface tension controlling properties of currently marketed natural lung surfactants. Further, the polymer lung surfactants have strong protein resistance, which makes this class of materials promising also for potential use in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) treatment.

The described invention provides compositions and methods for treating a fibrotic condition in a subject. The methods include administering a therapeutic amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising synthetic extracellular vesicles (EVs) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A method of reducing the virulence of microbes in or on the human body and a method of sanitizing or disinfecting a surface, area, object, or porous or non porous material is provided. The methods comprise applying or injecting a solution having an effective amount of a conjugated diene for substantially reducing the virulence of the microbes or sanitizing or disinfecting a surface, area, object, or porous or non porous material.