Described herein are synthetic progestogens, such as 6β,7β:15β,16β-Dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. Also described are methods of use.

Agents, kits, and methods that utilize oxygenation to prevent and/or treat infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms are provided. The agents, kits, and methods according to several embodiments utilize oxygenation in the intestinal lumen to prevent and/or treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. The agents, kits, and methods can be utilized to prevent and/or treat anaerobic bacterial infections of the intestinal lumen by enteric aerobization therapy.

The invention disclosed herein generally relates to low-dose oral doxepin pharmaceutical formulations and the use of these formulations to promote sleep.

Described herein are synthetic progestogens, such as 6β,7β:15β,16β-Dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. Also described are methods of use.

Provided herein are methods for treating certain conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a biguanide or related heterocyclic compound, e.g., metformin. Also provided herein are biguanide or related heterocyclic compound compositions, and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention. Also provided herein are compositions comprising metformin and salts thereof and methods of use.

Provided are compositions and methods for treating multiple sclerosis (MS). One embodiment of the disclosed method entails orally administering to a MS patient a first amount of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as aspirin, and a second amount of fumaric acid or an ester or a salt thereof. The NSAID is administered at from about 80 mg to about 500 mg per day and the fumaric acid or ester or salt thereof is administered at about 360 to about 420 mg per day. The compositions are formulated so that, upon oral administration to a subject, the both the NSAID and the fumaric acid or ester or salt thereof are released in the gastrointestinal track of the subject, and the NSAID is released at substantially the same time as, slower than, or later than the fumaric acid or ester or salt thereof. The delayed release of NSAID, it is herein observed, increased the bioavailability of the fumaric acid or ester or salt thereof.

Described herein are synthetic progestogens, such as 6β,7β:15β,16β-Dimethylene-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. Also described are methods of use.

There is disclosed herein a composition for treating gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux oesophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinsons disease, MS, Alzheimers Disease, Motor Neurone Disease or autism, the composition comprising: (i) at least two anti-clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, am inoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (ii) at least one anti-clostridial agent selected from the above combined with an opioid blocking agent. There is also disclosed herein a method of treating various gastrointestinal or neurological disorders, constipation, functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, travelers diarrhoea, chronic idiopathic nausea, IBD-associated constipation and diarrhoea, pseudo-obstruction, diabetic gastroparesis, cyclic vomiting, reflux oesophagitis, autism enteropathy, flatulence, halitosis, chronic fatigue, bloating, proctalgia fugax, Parkinsons disease, MS, Alzheimers Disease, Motor Neurone Disease or autism, the method comprising administering orally, via enema or by suppository: (i) a composition of the invention; (ii) at least two anti-clostridial agents selected from the group consisting of: vancomycin, vancomycin derivatives, a multi-valent polymer of vancomycin, am inoglycosides, nitroimidazoles, ansamysins, nifuroxazide, colchicine, prucalopride, prokinetic agent and 5-aminosalicylic acid; or (iii) at least one anti-clostridial agent selected from the above and an opioid blocking agent to a patient in need of such treatment.

The present invention relates to a composite preparation in a core tablet form, composed of an inner core containing rabeprazole as an effective ingredient; an outer layer portion including the bilayer structure of a sustained release layer and an immediate release layer and containing mosapride as an effective ingredient. The core tablet composite preparation according to the present invention is characterized by exerting sufficient pharmacological activity of rabeprazole and mosapride even upon administration of one tablet once a day.

The tablet of the present invention is a tablet 1 having a cup portion 12 formed at least above or below a side portion 11, wherein the outer surface of the cup portion 12 includes first, second and third curved surfaces 12a, 12b and 12c having different curvatures R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, the first curved surface 12a is at least continuous with the second curved surface 12b, the second curved surface 12b is continuous with the first curved surface 12a and the third curved surface 12c, and the third curved surface 12c is at least continuous with the second curved surface 12b.