Electronic paper includes a display panel, a temperature sensor, and a controlling section. The display panel contains particles which move when a voltage is applied. The temperature sensor detects a temperature. The controlling section controls a rewriting operation to rewrite an image of the display panel by applying a rewriting voltage to the color particles. If a result of detection by the temperature sensor falls within a predetermined temperature range, the controlling section performs the rewriting operation after performing a preparatory operation to apply a preparatory voltage to the color particles.

An electrophoretic display control device applies a first voltage to a first electrode and applies a second voltage to a second electrode during a display rewriting period in a display unit in which a dispersion liquid containing particles are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode that is a pixel electrode, and applies a third voltage that is lower than the first voltage to the first electrode and applies a fourth voltage that is lower than the second voltage to the second electrode during a display retention period.

The optical device (100) includes a first substrate (10), a second substrate (20), and an optical layer (30). The first substrate includes a first electrode (11) and a second electrode (12) configured to be provided with mutually different electrical potentials within a pixel. The optical layer may include a medium (31) and a plurality of shape-anisotropic particles (32) dispersed in the medium. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode may include a plurality of comb teeth portions (11a, 12a) arranged at predetermined intervals along the first direction (D1). When an electric potential difference is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, the pixel may be configured to have an electrical field distribution in which a strong electric field region having a stronger field intensity than another region is periodically formed parallel to the surface of the optical layer along a second direction (D2) orthogonal to the first direction.

A display apparatus includes at least one pixel structure, which includes an active device, an electric insulation layer and a pixel electrode. The electric insulation layer is disposed on the active device. The electric insulation layer has a trench and a via. The via is located on a bottom surface of the trench. A portion of the electric insulation layer surrounding the trench is monolithically connected to another portion of the electric insulation layer surrounding the via. A pixel electrode has a first electrode portion and a second electrode portion connected to each other. The first electrode portion is located in the trench. A thickness of the first electrode portion is less than a depth of the trench. The second electrode portion is located in the via and is electrically connected to the active device through the via.

In a display method or device according to one embodiment of the present invention, at least two of a photonic crystal reflection mode, a unique color reflection mode and a transmittance tuning mode may be implemented to be switched to each other within the same unit pixel. In addition, a machine readable storage medium recording a computer program performing the display method is provided.

An active matrix electro-optic display (100) includes capacitor electrodes (110, 112) associated with the pixel electrodes (106, 108) so that the pixel electrode and its associated capacitor electrode form a capacitor. The display (100) also includes switching means (120) having one position in which each capacitor electrode (110, 112) is electrically connected to the light-transmissive front electrode (102) of the display (100) and a second position in which each capacitor electrode (110, 112) is electrically connected to a voltage source having a voltage independent of the voltage on the light-transmissive electrode.

In a device for displaying images by application of an electric field to a charged substance, a structure for reducing afterimages and a method for manufacturing the structure are provided. The device is a display device which includes a plurality of pixel electrodes and a charged layer (a layer including a charged substance) provided over the pixel electrodes. An end of one of two pixel electrodes that are adjacent to each other among the plurality of pixel electrodes has a depression in an end-face direction, and an end of the other of the pixel electrodes has a projection in the end-face direction. In a state in which the depression and the projection are in a set, a gap is formed between the two pixel electrodes.

A driving method an electro-optic display having a plurality of display pixels, the method include applying a first set of waveform to a first display pixel, the first set of waveform having at least one active portion configured to affect the optical state of the first display pixel and at least one non-active portion configured not to substantially affect the optical state of the first display pixel. The method also include applying a second set of waveform to a second display pixel, the second set of waveform having at least one active portion configured to affect the optical state of the second display pixel and at least one non-active portion configured not to substantially affect the optical state of the second display pixel, where the at least one active portions of the first and second set of waveforms do not overlap in time.

A display apparatus includes at least one pixel structure, which includes an active device, an electric insulation layer and a pixel electrode. The electric insulation layer is disposed on the active device. The electric insulation layer has a trench and a via. The via is located on a bottom surface of the trench. A portion of the electric insulation layer surrounding the trench is monolithically connected to another portion of the electric insulation layer surrounding the via. A pixel electrode has a first electrode portion and a second electrode portion connected to each other. The first electrode portion is located in the trench. A thickness of the first electrode portion is less than a depth of the trench. The second electrode portion is located in the via and is electrically connected to the active device through the via.

Methods are described for sequentially rendering fonts at multiple bit depths while reducing differences in visual appearance between the fonts rendered at different bit depths. The same hinting may be used for rendering the font at two different bit depths. Methods for reducing artifacts including edge artifacts also are described, including the use of font masks for updating electro-optic displays.