An object is to provide a magnetic recording medium, in which occurrence of friction rise according to several times of running is low, capable of appropriately maintaining abrasivity of a magnetic head by adjusting heights of protrusions formed in accordance with first particles having conductivity and second particles of which Mohs hardness is 7 or more.

The present technology provides a magnetic recording medium including a magnetic layer containing magnetic powders, in which, the magnetic layer contains first particles having conductivity and second particles of which Mohs hardness is 7 or more, protrusions are formed on a surface of the magnetic layer side in accordance with the first particles and the second particles, a ratio (H.sub.1/H.sub.2) of an average height (H.sub.1) of protrusions formed in accordance with the first particles to an average height (H.sub.2) of protrusions formed in accordance with the second particles is 2.3 or less, and the average height (H.sub.2) of the protrusions formed in accordance with the second particles is 7 nm or less.

The magnetic recording medium has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of a surface of a magnetic layer is 2.2 nm or less, a fluorine concentration A obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy performed on a surface of the magnetic layer at a photoelectron take-off angle of 10 degrees being 5 atom % or more and 50 atom % or less, and B, which is calculated by Equation 1 from an integrated intensity Ftotal of fragments derived from a fluorine-containing compound obtained for an entire region in a thickness direction of a cross section of the magnetic layer by line profile analysis of TOF-SIMS and an integrated intensity Fupper of fragments derived from a fluorine compound obtained for a region from the surface of the magnetic layer to an intermediate thickness in the thickness direction of the cross section, being 60% or more and 95% or less, Equation 1:B=(Fupper/Ftotal)?100.

Provided is a magnetic tape device in which a magnetic tape transportation speed is equal to or lower than 18 m/sec, Ra measured regarding a surface of a magnetic layer of a magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 2.0 nm, a CH derived C concentration calculated from a CH peak area ratio of C1s spectra obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis performed on the surface of the magnetic layer at a photoelectron take-off angle of 10 degrees is 45 to 65 atom %, and SFD (=SFD.sub.25C.SFD.sub.190 C.) in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 0.50, with the SFD.sub.25 C. being SFD measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a temperature of 25 C., and the SFD.sub.190 C. being SFD measured at a temperature of 190 C.

Provided is a magnetic tape device in which a magnetic tape transportation speed is equal to or lower than 18 m/sec, Ra measured regarding a surface of a magnetic layer of a magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 2.0 nm, a C-H derived C concentration calculated from a C-H peak area ratio of C1s spectra obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis performed on the surface of the magnetic layer at a photoelectron take-off angle of 10 degrees is 45 to 65 atom %, and SFD (=SFD.sub.25 C.SFD.sub.190 C.) in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 0.50, with the SFD.sub.25 C. being SFD measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a temperature of 25 C., and the SFD.sub.190 C. being SFD measured at a temperature of 190 C.

The invention provides a magnetic recording medium including a magnetic layer or a magnetic recording layer having a granular structure in which magnetic crystal grains are well separated from each other. The magnetic recording medium includes a substrate, a seed layer, and a magnetic recording layer, wherein the magnetic recording layer includes a first magnetic layer which is a continuous film consisting of an ordered alloy, and a second magnetic layer having a granular structure consisting of magnetic crystal grains consisting of an ordered alloy and a non-magnetic crystal grain boundary, and the seed layer consists of a material selected from the group consisting of an NaCl-type compound, a spinel-type compound, and a perovskite-type compound.

Provided is a magnetic tape device in which a magnetic tape transportation speed is equal to or lower than 18 m/sec, Ra measured regarding a surface of a magnetic layer of a magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 2.0 nm, a CH derived C concentration calculated from a CH peak area ratio of C1s spectra obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis performed on the surface of the magnetic layer at a photoelectron take-off angle of 10 degrees is 45 to 65 atom %, and SFD (=SFD.sub.25 C.SFD.sub.190 C.) in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape is equal to or smaller than 0.50, with the SFD.sub.25 C. being SFD measured in a longitudinal direction of the magnetic tape at a temperature of 25 C., and the SFD.sub.19 C. being SFD measured at a temperature of 190 C.

The magnetic tape has the total thickness of a non-magnetic layer and a magnetic layer of 0.60 m or smaller, the magnetic layer including an abrasive and fatty acid ester, a percentage of a plan view maximum area of the abrasive confirmed in a region having a size of 4.3 m6.3 m of the surface of the magnetic layer with respect to the total area of the region, obtained by plane observation performed by using an SEM of 0.02% or greater and less than 0.06%, full widths at half maximum of spacing distribution measured by optical interferometry regarding a surface of the magnetic layer before and after performing a vacuum heating with respect to the magnetic tape of greater than 0 nm and 7.0 nm or smaller, and a difference between spacings before and after the vacuum heating of greater than 0 nm and 8.0 nm or smaller.

An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a storage layer, a first write layer, and a second write layer. The first write layer is disposed over the storage layer. The second write layer is disposed over the first write layer. The anisotropy field and magnetization associated with the second write layer at writing temperature is greater than anisotropy field and magnetization associated with the first write layer at the writing temperature.

The magnetic tape has a nonmagnetic layer containing nonmagnetic powder and binder on a nonmagnetic support, and a magnetic layer containing ferromagnetic powder and binder on the nonmagnetic layer; wherein the combined thickness of the nonmagnetic layer and the magnetic layer is less than or equal to 0.60 m, the coefficient of friction as measured on the base portion of the surface of the magnetic layer is less than or equal to 0.35, at least the magnetic layer contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid and a fatty acid amide, and a CH derived carbon, C, concentration calculated from a CH peak area ratio in a C1s spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy conducted at a photoelectron take-off angle of 10 degrees on the surface of the magnetic layer is greater than or equal to 45 atom %.

A magnetic recording medium is provided and including a magnetic layer containing magnetic powders, in which, the magnetic layer contains first particles having conductivity and second particles of which Mohs hardness is 7 or more, protrusions are formed on a surface of the magnetic layer side in accordance with the first particles and the second particles, a ratio (H.sub.1/H.sub.2) of an average height (H.sub.1) of protrusions formed in accordance with the first particles to an average height (H.sub.2) of protrusions formed in accordance with the second particles is 2.3 or less, and the average height (H.sub.2) of the protrusions formed in accordance with the second particles is 7 nm or less.