A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

A series of phenelzine analogs comprising a phenelzine scaffold linked to an aromatic moiety and their use as inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and/or one or more histone deacetylases (HDACs) is provided. The presently disclosed phenelzine analogs exhibit potency and selectivity for LSD1 versus MAO and LSD2 enzymes and exhibit bulk, as well as, gene specific histone methylation changes, anti-proliferative activity in several cancer cell lines, and neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. Accordingly, the presently disclosed phenelzine analogs can be used to treat diseases, conditions, or disorders related to LSD1 and/or HDACs, including, but not limited to, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

A series of phenelzine analogs comprising a phenelzine scaffold linked to an aromatic moiety and their use as inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and/or one or more histone deacetylases (HDACs) is provided. The presently disclosed phenelzine analogs exhibit potency and selectivity for LSD1 versus MAO and LSD2 enzymes and exhibit bulk, as well as, gene specific histone methylation changes, anti-proliferative activity in several cancer cell lines, and neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. Accordingly, the presently disclosed phenelzine analogs can be used to treat diseases, conditions, or disorders related to LSD1 and/or HDACs, including, but not limited to, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

A series of phenelzine analogs comprising a phenelzine scaffold linked to an aromatic moiety and their use as inhibitors of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and/or one or more histone deacetylases (HDACs) is provided. The presently disclosed phenelzine analogs exhibit potency and selectivity for LSD1 versus MAO and LSD2 enzymes and exhibit bulk, as well as, gene specific histone methylation changes, anti-proliferative activity in several cancer cell lines, and neuroprotection in response to oxidative stress. Accordingly, the presently disclosed phenelzine analogs can be used to treat diseases, conditions, or disorders related to LSD1 and/or HDACs, including, but not limited to, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.

Systems and methods for synthesizing chemical products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients, are provided. Certain of the systems and methods described herein are capable of manufacturing multiple chemical products without the need to fluidically connect or disconnect unit operations when switching from one making chemical product to making another chemical product.

A pharmaceutical composition is described. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition comprises (i) a drug component consisting of mometasone, mometasone furoate, or a combination thereof, (ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and (iii) ethanol in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. The drug component comprises from 0.01 to 1.0 weight % of the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. At least 95 weight % of the propellant component is 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The drug component is the sole drug component in the pharmaceutical composition. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition is surfactant-free.

A pharmaceutical composition is described. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition comprises (i) a drug component consisting of mometasone, mometasone furoate, or a combination thereof, (ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and (iii) ethanol in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. The drug component comprises from 0.01 to 1.0 weight % of the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. At least 95 weight % of the propellant component is 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The drug component is the sole drug component in the pharmaceutical composition. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition is surfactant-free.

A pharmaceutical composition is described. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition comprises (i) a drug component consisting of mometasone, mometasone furoate, or a combination thereof, (ii) a propellant component comprising 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), and (iii) ethanol in an amount of from 0.5 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. The drug component comprises from 0.01 to 1.0 weight % of the total weight of the chemically stable pharmaceutical composition. At least 95 weight % of the propellant component is 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a). The drug component is the sole drug component in the pharmaceutical composition. The chemically stable pharmaceutical composition is surfactant-free.

The present application provides SOX9 inhibitor compounds and compositions and methods of use thereof. In certain aspects, the SOX9 inhibitor is a peptide comprising a portion of the SOX9 dimerization motif. In other aspects, the SOX9 inhibitor is a compound of the general formula I

##STR00001##

where one A is H and the other is:

##STR00002##

and the remaining substituents are as defined in the application.