The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting the toxicity with respect to nanoparticles and particulate matters generated from the environment. Since it has been confirmed that a decrease in intracellular ATP, a decrease in cell viability, inflammation-induced morphological changes in cells and cell activation, which are induced by nanoparticles or environmentally-derived particulate matters, are inhibited by means of the composition of the present invention, the composition may be utilized as a reducing substance for the toxicity of nanoparticles and particulate matters.

The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting the toxicity with respect to nanoparticles and particulate matters generated from the environment. Since it has been confirmed that a decrease in intracellular ATP, a decrease in cell viability, inflammation-induced morphological changes in cells and cell activation, which are induced by nanoparticles or environmentally-derived particulate matters, are inhibited by means of the composition of the present invention, the composition may be utilized as a reducing substance for the toxicity of nanoparticles and particulate matters.

The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, a method of treating cancer in a human patient in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a substrate of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both to said patient, wherein said patient has, or is suspected to have, cancer cells with elevated levels of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both, wherein said substrate is not 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, a method of treating cancer in a human patient in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a substrate of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both to said patient, wherein said patient has, or is suspected to have, cancer cells with elevated levels of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both, wherein said substrate is not 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, a method of treating cancer in a human patient in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a substrate of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both to said patient, wherein said patient has, or is suspected to have, cancer cells with elevated levels of AKR1B1, AKR1B10, or both, wherein said substrate is not 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

The subject matter described herein is directed to stable L-cysteine compositions for injection, comprising: L-cysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and/or hydrate thereof in an amount from about 10 mg/mL to about 100 mg/mL; Aluminum in an amount from about 1.0 parts per billion (ppb) to about 250 ppb; cysteine in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % relative to L-cysteine; pyruvic acid in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % relative to L-cysteine; a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, comprising water; headspace O.sub.2 that is less than 1.0%; dissolved oxygen present in the carrier in an amount from about 0.01 parts per million (ppm) to about 1 ppm, wherein the composition is enclosed in a single-use container having a volume of from 10 mL to 100 mL. Also described are compositions for a total parenteral nutrition regimen and methods for their use.

The subject matter described herein is directed to stable L-cysteine compositions for injection, comprising: L-cysteine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and/or hydrate thereof in an amount from about 10 mg/mL to about 100 mg/mL; Aluminum in an amount from about 1.0 parts per billion (ppb) to about 250 ppb; cysteine in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % relative to L-cysteine; pyruvic acid in an amount from about 0.01 wt % to about 2 wt % relative to L-cysteine; a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, comprising water; headspace O.sub.2 that is less than 1.0%; dissolved oxygen present in the carrier in an amount from about 0.01 parts per million (ppm) to about 1 ppm, wherein the composition is enclosed in a single-use container having a volume of from 10 mL to 100 mL. Also described are compositions for a total parenteral nutrition regimen and methods for their use.

The present invention generally relates to liquid compositions and methods for treating oral inflammation by administering a liquid composition to the oral cavity. The liquid composition is prepared from a powder containing calcium glycerophosphate, one or more sodium phosphate salts, sodium chloride, and optionally sodium bicarbonate and silica. The powder is mixed with a quality of water to form a liquid that is supersaturated with calcium ions and phosphate ions and is essentially free of visible particles and precipitate.

The present invention generally relates to liquid compositions and methods for treating oral inflammation by administering a liquid composition to the oral cavity. The liquid composition is prepared from a powder containing calcium glycerophosphate, one or more sodium phosphate salts, sodium chloride, and optionally sodium bicarbonate and silica. The powder is mixed with a quality of water to form a liquid that is supersaturated with calcium ions and phosphate ions and is essentially free of visible particles and precipitate.

The present invention generally relates to liquid compositions and methods for treating oral inflammation by administering a liquid composition to the oral cavity. The liquid composition is prepared from a powder containing calcium glycerophosphate, one or more sodium phosphate salts, sodium chloride, and optionally sodium bicarbonate and silica. The powder is mixed with a quality of water to form a liquid that is supersaturated with calcium ions and phosphate ions and is essentially free of visible particles and precipitate.