Thioctamer, a nanoconjugate of glatiramer acetate (GA) and thioctic acid (TA), e.g. in the form of nanospheres, is provided as are compositions comprising thioctamer and methods of using the same for wound healing. Application of thioctamer to a wound accelerates wound healing, compared to control wounds that are not treated with the copolymer.

Thioctamer, a nanoconjugate of glatiramer acetate (GA) and thioctic acid (TA), e.g. in the form of nanospheres, is provided as are compositions comprising thioctamer and methods of using the same for wound healing. Application of thioctamer to a wound accelerates wound healing, compared to control wounds that are not treated with the copolymer.

Provided herein are improved compositions and methods for enzyme replacement therapy using modified human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) in the treatment of homocystinuria and related diseases and disorders.

Provided herein are improved compositions and methods for enzyme replacement therapy using modified human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) in the treatment of homocystinuria and related diseases and disorders.

Provided herein are improved compositions and methods for enzyme replacement therapy using modified human cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) in the treatment of homocystinuria and related diseases and disorders.

Described herein are compounds and methods for tethering proteins. For example, dimers of Protein X listed in Table 1 are described, where the dimers are formed by the covalent bonding of a cysteine on the first monomer to a cysteine on the second monomer via a cyclic disulfide linker. The covalently attached dimers exhibit increased stabilization and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases (such as, for example, Parkinson's Disease, ALS, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Epilepsy, Frontotemporal Dementia, and/or DMD), cancer, autoimmune disease, and/or Celiac disease.

Described herein are compounds and methods for tethering proteins. For example, dimers of Protein X listed in Table 1 are described, where the dimers are formed by the covalent bonding of a cysteine on the first monomer to a cysteine on the second monomer via a cyclic disulfide linker. The covalently attached dimers exhibit increased stabilization and can be used to treat neurodegenerative diseases (such as, for example, Parkinson's Disease, ALS, Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Epilepsy, Frontotemporal Dementia, and/or DMD), cancer, autoimmune disease, and/or Celiac disease.

A nutritional supplement composition that extends the utility of the prior art methods to include enhanced utility for bone health via modulation of the RANK, RANKL, NFKB signaling system and incorporates unrelated, unforeseen benefits on brain health based on the beneficial impact of the same signaling system on brain health thus preventing loss of neurological function and/or normalizing impaired or deteriorating neurological function in humans based on: (1) mitigation of the adverse impact of dysregulated acid-base balance, (2) dysregulation of prostaglandin physiology, (3) abnormalities in RANK, RANKL, NFKB physiology. reversing elevated NFKB, RANK, RANKL signaling. The nutrients that are ideal for the desired result are Honokiol, Magnolol, Beta-caryophyllene, Palmitoylethanolamide, Hesperidin, Schisandrin, Ferulic Acid, Beta-carotene, Lutein, Lycopene, Sulforaphane, and Ellagic Acid.

A nutritional supplement composition that extends the utility of the prior art methods to include enhanced utility for bone health via modulation of the RANK, RANKL, NFKB signaling system and incorporates unrelated, unforeseen benefits on brain health based on the beneficial impact of the same signaling system on brain health thus preventing loss of neurological function and/or normalizing impaired or deteriorating neurological function in humans based on: (1) mitigation of the adverse impact of dysregulated acid-base balance, (2) dysregulation of prostaglandin physiology, (3) abnormalities in RANK, RANKL, NFKB physiology. reversing elevated NFKB, RANK, RANKL signaling. The nutrients that are ideal for the desired result are Honokiol, Magnolol, Beta-caryophyllene, Palmitoylethanolamide, Hesperidin, Schisandrin, Ferulic Acid, Beta-carotene, Lutein, Lycopene, Sulforaphane, and Ellagic Acid.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.