The present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I). The compounds described herein may be useful in treating a disease associated with IDO, for example, cancer or an infectious disease (e.g., viral or bacterial infectious diseases). Also, provided in the present disclosure are pharmaceutical compositions, kits, methods, and uses including or using a compound described herein.

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The invention provides compositions and methods to treat cancer with an agent that increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cell mitochondria (“an XTPP agent”) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an inhibitor of hydroperoxide metabolism and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat cancer with an agent that increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cancer cell mitochondria (“an XTPP agent”) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, an inhibitor of hydroperoxide metabolism and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

A 2-aryl selenazole compound and a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed, wherein the 2-aryl selenazole compound is a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The 2-aryl selenazole compound has the activity of inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be applied in terms of preparing a drug used for prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia, gout, diabetic nephropathy, an inflammatory disease or a neurological disease.

A 2-aryl selenazole compound and a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed, wherein the 2-aryl selenazole compound is a compound represented by formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The 2-aryl selenazole compound has the activity of inhibiting xanthine oxidase. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be applied in terms of preparing a drug used for prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia, gout, diabetic nephropathy, an inflammatory disease or a neurological disease.

The purpose of the present invention is to identify a migratory factor that guides pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) useful in new medical applications to damage, and to provide a pharmaceutical composition that includes the migratory factor for promoting tissue regeneration in regenerative medicine that makes use of Muse cells. In the present invention, a receptor that is specifically expressed in Muse cells rather than non-Muse cells was identified, and it was confirmed that a ligand for this receptor can function as a migratory factor. In the present invention, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was identified as a migratory factor, and thus, the present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for guiding pluripotent stem cells to damage, the composition including S1P as an active ingredient.

The purpose of the present invention is to identify a migratory factor that guides pluripotent stem cells (Muse cells) useful in new medical applications to damage, and to provide a pharmaceutical composition that includes the migratory factor for promoting tissue regeneration in regenerative medicine that makes use of Muse cells. In the present invention, a receptor that is specifically expressed in Muse cells rather than non-Muse cells was identified, and it was confirmed that a ligand for this receptor can function as a migratory factor. In the present invention, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) was identified as a migratory factor, and thus, the present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for guiding pluripotent stem cells to damage, the composition including S1P as an active ingredient.

The present invention is directed to a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, a motor neuron disease, or a demyelinating disease. The method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a Ppargc1a activator 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole, 2-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1H-benzimidazole, in an effective amount. A preferred route of administration is oral administration.

The present invention is directed to a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, frontotemporal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies, a motor neuron disease, or a demyelinating disease. The method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a Ppargc1a activator 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole, 2-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1H-benzimidazole, in an effective amount. A preferred route of administration is oral administration.

The present invention relates to topical formulations of biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of use thereof for treating acne and other skin infections caused or mediated by Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Haemophilus influenza, Trichomonas vaginalis, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter sp., Proteus sp., Propionibacterium acnes, Gardnerella vaginalis, or Staphylococcus aureus (including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) in a patient in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the acne or other skin infection is caused or mediated by Propionibacterium acnes, Gardnerella vaginalis, or Staphylococcus aureus.