Provided is a technique capable of making a measurement of an angle of a remote measuring object. An angle detection system is an angle detection system including an encoder pattern portion to be attached to a measuring object, and a surveying instrument. The encoder pattern portion includes a columnar base and an encoder pattern provided on an outer circumferential side surface of the base and representing an angle in a circumferential direction with respect to a predetermined reference direction. The surveying instrument includes an information acquiring unit configured to optically acquire information represented by the encoder pattern, and an arithmetic control unit configured to calculate an angle of the surveying instrument with respect to the reference direction based on the information.

A rotation angle encoder apparatus is disclosed. The rotation angle encoder apparatus may comprise a plurality of light sources, a plurality of light detectors, and a plurality of pinions rotatable about a shaft. Each of the pinions may comprises a plurality of teeth and a plurality of gaps. The rotation angle encoder apparatus may comprise a plurality of stacked configurations such that, when the shaft is rotated, transmissivity may be measured to determine or calculate at least one measurement, such as an angle of rotation, position, movement, distance, or other discernable measurement. The rotation angle encoder apparatus with a plurality pinions and associated measurable transmissivities may enable an optical spectrum analyzer to increase wavelength accuracy and improve resolution in optical measurements.

An optical position-measurement device includes a reflection measuring standard and a scanning unit, which is movable in relation thereto in at least one measurement direction. The reflection measuring standard has an incremental measuring graduation and a reference marking in at least one reference position. In addition to scanning device(s) for the incremental signal generation, the scanning unit includes for the reference signal generation at least one light source, imaging optics, a diaphragm structure arranged in a diaphragm plane, and a plurality of detector elements. Via the imaging optics, imaging of the reference marking onto the diaphragm structure is implemented. The reference marking is provided on the reflection measuring standard and is integrated into the incremental measuring graduation. In addition, the imaging optics has a variable, object-side focal length along a transversal direction oriented perpendicular to the measurement direction.

An optical rotary encoder includes a code disk, a laser source unit, a focusing unit and a photodetector array. The focusing unit converts the laser beam emitted by the laser source unit into incident laser beams that have a plurality of light points respectively on code tracks of the code disk, such that the code disk modulates the incident laser beams to form optical code signals. The photodetector array receives and converts the optical code signals into electric code signals.

Scale pattern in a scale of an optical encoder includes a first scale mark that blocks a first light from being guided to an image capturer and guides a second light to the image capturer, and a second scale mark that guides the first light and the second light to the image capturer. Second scale mark is arranged in an ABS pattern and the first scale mark is arranged in an INC pattern by incorporating the second scale mark. Image capturer includes a first image capturing section that captures an image of the ABS pattern from the first light that arrives via the second scale mark, and a second image capturing section that captures an image of the INC pattern from the second light that arrives via the first scale mark and the second scale mark. Calculator calculates a position of a head relative to the scale.

There is provided an operating method of an optical positioning system including: capturing an image frame of a detected surface, which has interleaved bright regions and dark regions, using a field of view and a shutter time of an optical sensor counting a number of edge pairs between the bright regions and the dark regions that the field of view passes; calculating an average value of the image frame; calculating a ratio between the calculated average value and the shutter time; determining that the field of view is aligned with one of the dark regions when the ratio is smaller than a ratio threshold; and determining that the field of view is aligned with one of the bright regions when the ratio is larger than the ratio threshold.

A measuring instrument includes a plurality of first readers that optically read a plurality of patterns from a measure having a color pattern including the plurality of patterns arranged at a regular interval in a length direction, the plurality of first readers being arranged at the regular interval in the length direction, a converter that converts the plurality of patterns read by the plurality of first readers into a value of an N-ary number (N is 3 or more), and a calculator that calculates a scale value of the measure based on data that defines a relationship between the value of the Nary number and the scale value of the measure.

A method of operating a position encoder apparatus, including a scale having features defining position information and a readhead for reading the scale. The method includes: calculating extrapolated position information from at least one previous reading of the scale; comparing an extrapolated position with a position calculated from a reading of the scale to determine any discrepancy between them; using the extrapolated position information whether or not there is a discrepancy; and maintaining a record of any discrepancies.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an optical encoder for an electronic device. The optical encoder comprises an elongated shaft having an encoding pattern made up of axial markings and radial markings. The encoding pattern may be disposed around a circumference of the elongated shaft. The optical encoder also includes an optical sensor. In embodiments, the optical sensor includes an emitter and a photodiode array. The emitter causes light to shine on the encoding pattern. The encoding pattern reflects the light back to the photodiode array and the photodiode array determines movement of the shaft based on the reflected light.

There is provided a position detection device to suppress an influence of a signal distortion due to a processing error, an assembly error of a sensor, or the like. The position detection device includes: a waveform correction unit that corrects waveforms of a first signal and a second signal, the first signal being detected from a first track provided on a moving body and having a scale of predetermined cycles, and the second signal being detected from a second track provided on the moving body and having a scale of cycles less than the predetermined cycles; and a position calculation unit that calculates a position of the moving body on the basis of the corrected first signal and second signal.