Provided are compounds having a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonism, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and a composition comprising them,

A composition comprising the compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclyl or the like; R.sup.2 is each independently a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.3 is each independently a hydrogen atom or the like; n is 1 or 2; R.sup.4 is substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl or the like; L is —NR.sup.8— or the like; R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.8 is each independently a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.8 is each independently a hydrogen atom or the like; p is 1 or 2; and R.sup.7 is a group represented by Formula:

##STR00002## wherein R.sup.9 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy or the like; R.sup.10 is a hydrogen atom or the like; R.sup.11 is halogen or the like; and m is 0 or 1.

Dosage forms, drug delivery systems, and methods related to sustained release of dextromethorphan or improved therapeutic effects are disclosed. Typically, an antidepressant, such as bupropion or a related compound is orally administered to a human being to be treated with, or being treated with, dextromethorphan.

A technique is provided for reducing the discoloration of an aqueous composition containing a halogenated isoquinoline derivative during high-temperature preservation. An aqueous composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1).sub.:

##STR00001## wherein X represents a halogen atom,

or a salt thereof, or a solvate of the compound or the salt thereof, and a β blocker.

A technique is provided for reducing the discoloration of an aqueous composition containing a halogenated isoquinoline derivative during high-temperature preservation. An aqueous composition comprising a compound represented by Formula (1).sub.:

##STR00001## wherein X represents a halogen atom,

or a salt thereof, or a solvate of the compound or the salt thereof, and a β blocker.

Oral compositions and methods of use thereof are provided herein. The oral compositions comprise a first component comprising at least one E.sub.h-raising compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a second component comprising at least one zinc compound, an anti-microbial agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Oral compositions and methods of use thereof are provided herein. The oral compositions comprise a first component comprising at least one E.sub.h-raising compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a second component comprising at least one zinc compound, an anti-microbial agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention relates to novel compositions having anti-viral activity and in particular it relates to synergistic compositions active against Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The invention also relates to methods for retarding, reducing or otherwise inhibiting HCV growth and/or functional activity.

The present invention relates to novel compositions having anti-viral activity and in particular it relates to synergistic compositions active against Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The invention also relates to methods for retarding, reducing or otherwise inhibiting HCV growth and/or functional activity.

The present invention relates to novel compositions having anti-viral activity and in particular it relates to synergistic compositions active against Hepatitis C virus (HCV). The invention also relates to methods for retarding, reducing or otherwise inhibiting HCV growth and/or functional activity.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a compound suitable for a pharmaceutical composition, specifically an agent for treating nocturia.

The inventors have assumed that inhibition of nocturnal activity of placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), i.e. aminopeptidase that cleaves AVP, would maintain and/or increase an endogenous AVP level to enhance the antidiuretic effect, which would contribute to a decreased number of nocturnal voids, and have extensively studied compounds which inhibit P-LAP. As a result, the inventors have found that (2R)-3-amino-2-(pyridylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-propanoic acid derivatives have excellent P-LAP inhibitory activity. The inventors have evaluated antidiuretic effects in water-loaded rats and have found that the compounds increase endogenous AVP levels by inhibiting P-LAP and consequently reduce urine production. The present invention therefore provides compounds expected to be used as an agent for treating nocturia based on P-LAP inhibition.