Embodiments of the present invention relate generally to certain types of reciprocating positive-displacement pumps (which may be referred to hereinafter as pods, pump pods, or pod pumps) used to pump fluids, such as a biological fluid (e.g., blood or peritoneal fluid), a therapeutic fluid (e.g., a medication solution), or a surfactant fluid. The pumps may be configured specifically to impart low shear forces and low turbulence on the fluid as the fluid is pumped from an inlet to an outlet. Such pumps may be particularly useful in pumping fluids that may be damaged by such shear forces (e.g., blood, and particularly heated blood, which is prone to hemolysis) or turbulence (e.g., surfectants or other fluids that may foam or otherwise be damaged or become unstable in the presence of turbulence).

A grey water heat recovery apparatus has first and second passes arranged in counter-flow orientation. It has a hot side for grey water, and a cold side for fresh water supplied under pressure. It extracts heat from the grey water drains of a building. The fresh water is carried in tubing modules in series immersed in a grey water sump in a cylindrical plastic or stainless steel pipe. The coils have a return leg such that both ends of the fresh water coil are carried out through the same upper end pipe closure, without a pressurized line wall penetration in the walls of the pipe. There is a non-electrically conductive barrier between the fresh water and grey water flow paths. The apparatus has a leak detection circuit and co-operable bypass valves. The entire assembly may be enclosed in a unitary external housing with easily accessible connection fittings.

An electrified vehicle powered by a traction battery includes a coolant loop arranged to convey coolant through at least a radiator, a chiller, and the traction battery to transfer heat from the battery. The vehicle also includes a refrigerant loop in fluid communication with the chiller to selectively circulate refrigerant through the chiller to provide supplemental heat transfer from coolant conveyed through the chiller. The vehicle further includes a vision system having at least one camera with a field of view including a vicinity of the radiator and a controller programmed to detect a radiator coolant leak based on image data output from the vision system. The controller is also programmed to cause a bypass of the radiator within the coolant loop to stop conveyance of coolant through the radiator in response to detecting a coolant leak.

A single capacitive sensor that may detect both water leaks and flammable vapors. The sensor may have two electrodes not touching each other but supported with an insulative material between the electrodes that allows fluids to enter between the electrodes. An electronic circuit connected to the capacitive sensor may determine the capacitance of the two electrodes. Fluids may enter between the electrodes and affect their capacitance. Permittivities of the fluids may be calculated from their effects on capacitance. Ranges of the permittivities may indicate the kind of substances and their intensity of presence. Water and flammable vapors are examples of such substances. The electronic circuit may be connected to a control module of a water heater, in that if the intensity or concentration of detected water or flammable vapors reaches a pre-set threshold, then the circuit may trigger an alarm and/or shut down the water heater.

In a refrigerant circuit 12 using a zeotropic refrigerant, a gas leak amount is detected on the basis of the liquid temperature and the liquid pressure of a saturated liquid of the zeotropic refrigerant.

A water heater with a leak detection system includes a leak sensor assembly that is disposed in an insulation cavity between an inner storage tank and an outer protective jacket of the water heater. The leak sensor assembly is configured to detect water that leaks from the storage tank. Further, the water heater includes a barrier that is disposed in the insulation cavity and wrapped around the inner storage tank to channel the water that leaks from the storage tank towards the leak sensor assembly, and prevent the water that leaks from the storage tank from flowing through an insulation material that is disposed in the insulation cavity.

An assembly for containing and detecting leaks from a coolant line includes a basin with side and end walls, and at least one U-shaped cavity in an end wall for receiving a coolant line of a liquid cooling system. A bottom of the basin includes at least one sloped interior surface arranged to divert water in the basin to a local low point, where a sensor is positioned and operable to detect liquid in the collection basin. A leak detection system can employ a leak detection assembly to detect and/or locate a leak.

A liquid cooling device includes a liquid cooling conductor, a detecting probe, and a determining circuit. The liquid cooling conductor includes a chamber defined therein for communicating with the outside, the chamber is configured to accommodate the coolant, and the surface of the liquid cooling conductor is provided with at least one communicating port communicating with the chamber; wherein the liquid cooling conductor is formed joining at least two combination blocks, and at least one of the two combination blocks is a metal conductor. The detecting probe is disposed on the liquid cooling conductor and normally electrically disconnected from the metal conductor. The determining circuit is electrically connected to the metal conductor and the detecting probe, and generates a liquid leakage alarm signal when the metal conductor and the detecting probe are electrically connected.

A single capacitive sensor that may detect both water leaks and flammable vapors. The sensor may have two electrodes not touching each other but supported with an insulative material between the electrodes that allows fluids to enter between the electrodes. An electronic circuit connected to the capacitive sensor may determine the capacitance of the two electrodes. Fluids may enter between the electrodes and affect their capacitance. Permittivities of the fluids may be calculated from their effects on capacitance. Ranges of the permittivities may indicate the kind of substances and their intensity of presence. Water and flammable vapors are examples of such substances. The electronic circuit may be connected to a control module of a water heater, in that if the intensity or concentration of detected water or flammable vapors reaches a pre-set threshold, then the circuit may trigger an alarm and/or shut down the water heater.

A refrigerant leak sensor includes: a first refrigerant sensor element configured to, when powered: measure a first amount of the refrigerant present in air; and generate a first output based on the first amount; a second refrigerant sensor element configured to, when powered: measure a second amount of the refrigerant present in air; and generate a second output based on the second amount; a first selection module configured to: during a first period, apply power the first refrigerant sensor element and not apply power to the second refrigerant sensor element; and during a second period after the first period, apply power to the second refrigerant sensor element and not apply power to the first refrigerant sensor element.