A device for detection of a gas or of a multi-component gas mixture comprises: an optical capture unit for capturing a field of view; a first light source configured to emit light having a current wavelength within a first wavelength range, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the light emitted impinges on the field of view; a first optical filter arranged between the optical capture unit and the first light source, wherein the first optical filter enables only those wavelengths of the light in a first filter wavelength range to pass; and a control/evaluation unit configured to determine, based on at least one image recorded by the optical capture unit, the distribution of the gas or the gas mixture in the field of view, the composition of the gas or the gas mixture, and/or a concentration of the components of the gas mixture.

An automated roadway marker system that illuminates and provides warning and lane demarcation under poor visibility conditions utilizing IR beam-break transceivers where no deployment considerations need to be made for the first in a sequence, because each marker operationally establishes its linkage condition in an intermittently activated asynchronous pseudo-network. The devices are designed for extremely low power consumption, so that solar energy can be utilized as a power source. The markers can additionally be linked through radio frequency signals, and to provide a warning to mobile and stationary radio frequency receivers. Additionally, the markers can be illuminated via transmissions from mobile and stationary transmitters.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems for diagnosing misalignment in gas detecting devices are provided. An example method may include causing at least one detector component of a receiver element of the open path gas detecting device to generate a first light intensity indication corresponding to first infrared light; causing the at least one detector component to generate a second light intensity indication corresponding to second infrared light; and generating an alignment indication based at least in part on the first light intensity indication and the second light intensity indication.

An optical system operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range identifies an object based on water absorption. The system comprises a light source with modulated light emitting diodes operating at wavelengths near 1090 and 1440 nanometers, corresponding to lower and higher water absorption. The system further comprises one or more wavelength selective filters and a housing that is further coupled to an electrical circuit and a processor. The detection system comprises photodetectors that are synchronized to the light source, and the detection system receives at least a portion of light reflected from the object. The system is configured to identify the object by comparing the reflected light at the first and second wavelength to generate an output value, and then comparing the output value to a threshold. The optical system may be further coupled to a wearable device or a remote sensing system with a time-of-flight sensor.

This invention consists of sensors and algorithms to image, detect, and quantify the presence of hydrocarbon gas (for example from leaks) using a short-wave infrared radiation detector array with multiple spectral filters under natural sunlight or artificial illumination, in combination with the hydrodynamics of turbulent gas jets and buoyant plumes. Multiple embodiments are recited and address detection and quantification of methane gas leaks. Quantification includes gas column densities, gas concentration estimates, total mass, hole size estimates, and estimated emission flux (leak rate) of gas from holes and cracks in pressurized vessels, pipes, components, and general gas infrastructure, and from surface patches (for example due to gas leaks in underground pipes) under the action of buoyancy and wind. These and similar embodiments are applicable more generally to natural gas and other hydrocarbon gases, liquids, emulsions, solids, and particulates, and to emissions monitoring of greenhouse gases methane and carbon dioxide.

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses at a modulation frequency between 10 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz and has a phase associated with the modulation frequency. A detection system includes a photo-detector, a lens, a spectral filter at an input to the photo-detector, and a processor that processes digitized signals received from the photo-detector to generate an output signal. The detection system uses a lock-in technique that synchronizes pulsing the one laser diode. The active remote sensing system is configured to be mounted on a vehicle or an airborne platform to provide distance information based on a time-of-flight measurement.

An in-situ gas-measuring system (1) includes an IR photon source (10) and an IR photon detector (11). The in-situ gas-measuring system (1) has an expansion chamber (12), at which an optical element (16, 16′, 16″) is arranged. A connection element (13) provides a detachable fluid-communicating connection of the expansion chamber (12) to a gas reaction chamber (2). The IR-photon source (10), the optical element (16, 16′, 16″) and the IR photon detector (11) define an optical measuring path, which extends through the expansion chamber (12). The installation and maintenance of the in-situ gas-measuring system (1) are reduced by the features of the in-situ gas-measuring system (1).

Systems for determining the presence and distribution of gas emissions in an area are provided. For example, a system may include one or more light detectors and one or more reflectors and/or one more retroreflectors disposed around the perimeter, a light source configured to emit light at a plurality of wavelengths towards the one or more light detectors and/or the one or more reflectors and/or one or more retroreflectors, and one or more processors configured to receive information representing light intensity detected by the one or more light detectors, respectively at each of the plurality of wavelengths and determine gases present in each path based on the light intensity detected by the respective detector at each of the plurality of wavelengths and distribution thereof. The path being either light source-respective detector, light source-respective reflector-respective detector or light source-respective retroreflector-respective detector. Other system may not use reflectors and/or retroreflectors.

Active FTIR spectroscopy systems and methods for quantitative measurements of concentrations of chemical targets, such as gas, liquid and solid chemical targets, in an open-path measuring arrangement and a method of extracting an effective illumination spectrum of IR light illuminating chemical targets arranged in an open-path measuring arrangement.