An omnidirectional measurement system for a time-varying characteristic of atmospheric vapor radiation includes an antenna and calibrator assembly, a receiver assembly, a room temperature IF assembly, and a data acquisition and system control assembly. Atmospheric vapor features a wide profile and strong radiation in a frequency band of 183 GHz, and is often seen in the characteristic measurement of atmospheric vapor in high-altitude areas. The omnidirectional measurement system combines a superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer with high detection sensitivity in the frequency band of 183 GHz with a structure that integrates pitch scanning, omnidirectional scanning, and automatic calibration to achieve fast and high-precision omnidirectional scanning measurement of the time-varying characteristic of atmospheric vapor radiation. The omnidirectional measurement system has a pitch adjustment-based fast omnidirectional scanning function, and can measure the time-varying characteristic of atmospheric vapor radiation with higher precision and higher temporal resolution through the SIS mixer with higher sensitivity.

A method is disclosed that combines optical ranging with infrared spectroscopy to provide multi-dimensional physical shape and spectral signatures of room occupancy in near real time. The disclosed approach creates a near real-time spatial map of indoor CO.sub.2 concentrations and temporal gradients that, when combined with spatial mapping of the room, can give a reliable method of detecting room occupancy and occupancy count. With multi-sweep integration, the average CO.sub.2 concentration in the room can also be determined.

A system and method for determining impurities in a beverage grade gas such as CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 relies on a coupling of FTIR analysis and UV fluorescence detection. Conversion of reduced sulphur present in some impurities to SO.sub.2 can be conducted using a furnace. In some cases, CO.sub.2 % also is determined.

A water vapor distribution measurement apparatus comprises: a light source that emits near-infrared light; a near-infrared light measurement device that is located across a measurement space from the light source and that measures the near-infrared light; an optical system that expands and applies the near-infrared light emitted from the light source in the measurement space in which a cross-section of the measurement space perpendicular to a direction connecting the light source to the near-infrared light measurement device has an area; and a distribution deriving means for deriving a water vapor distribution in the cross-section of the measurement space on the basis of a measurement result obtained by the near-infrared light measurement device. Water vapor in a measurement region having a prescribed size can be measured by this water vapor distribution measurement apparatus.

The invention relates to a method and to a device for monitoring the quality of gaseous media which can be dispensed by a filling station, in particular hydrogen, by means of an infrared measuring system (42), which is connected into the dispensing path of live respective gaseous medium running fom the filling station to a consumer, and which measures the transmission of infared radiation at different wavelengths and different pressures and calculates therefrom the concentration of contaminants, which influence the quality. At least when predeterminable quality parameters are exceeded, this is indicated.

Methods, devices, and systems are provided for analyzing the moisture content in natural gas. In one embodiment, a portable moisture analyzer system is provided and can include a moisture analyzer and a housing. The moisture analyzer can include a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) and a natural gas sample conditioning system. The TDLAS can be configured to detect water vapor content within a natural gas sample. The sample conditioning system can be in fluid communication with the TDLAS and can be configured to condition at least one of temperature, flow rate, and pressure of a natural gas sample. The housing can be configured to receive the moisture analyzer therein and to protect the moisture analyzer from vibration and/or shock.

An exhaust gas analyzing apparatus of a vehicle mounted type equipped with an analyzer that is configured to analyze components contained in exhaust gas includes a sampling line that is an exhaust gas flow path extending from an exhaust gas introduction terminal that is configured to introduce the exhaust gas from the outside to the analyzer; a pressure reduction source that is configured to reduce a pressure in the sampling line to a predetermined pressure; and a temperature-regulating mechanism that is configured to regulate a temperature of the exhaust gas flowing in the sampling line to be at least a first temperature. The first temperature is set to be a temperature equal to or higher than an evaporation temperature of moisture at the reduced predetermined pressure and lower than an evaporation temperature of moisture at one atmospheric pressure.

A system and method for determining impurities in a beverage grade gas such as CO.sub.2 or N.sub.2 relies on a coupling of FTIR analysis and UV fluorescence detection. Conversion of reduced sulphur present in some impurities to SO.sub.2 can be conducted using a furnace. In some cases, CO.sub.2 % also is determined.

Methods, devices, and systems are provided for analyzing the moisture content in natural gas. In one embodiment, a portable moisture analyzer system is provided and can include a moisture analyzer and a housing. The moisture analyzer can include a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) and a natural gas sample conditioning system. The TDLAS can be configured to detect water vapor content within a natural gas sample. The sample conditioning system can be in fluid communication with the TDLAS and can be configured to condition at least one of temperature, flow rate, and pressure of a natural gas sample. The housing can be configured to receive the moisture analyzer therein and to protect the moisture analyzer from vibration and/or shock.

Detector data representative of an intensity of light that impinges on a detector after being emitted from a light source and passing through a gas over a path length can be analyzed using a first analysis method to obtain a first calculation of an analyte concentration in the volume of gas and a second analysis method to obtain a second calculation of the analyte concentration. The second calculation can be promoted as the analyte concentration upon determining that the analyte concentration is out of a first target range for the first analysis method.