Disclosed is a transient-state THz spectrometer applied to cells and biological macromolecules, including a femtosecond laser amplifier. A femtosecond laser output by the femtosecond laser amplifier is divided into two beams of pump light and probe light after passing through a beam splitter of which a transmission-reflection ratio is 7:3, the pump light is focused to irradiate a gap between electrodes of a nonlinear photoconductive antenna and emit a terahertz wave after successively passing through a half wave plate, a silver-plated reflector and a first lens, the terahertz wave forms a terahertz wave collineation after successively passing through a second lens, a slab waveguide, a third lens and an ITO film, the terahertz wave collineation and the probe light form a probe light collineation of wavefront tilt which is perpendicularly incident on a ZnTe crystal and detected and recorded by using a CCD camera.

A terahertz device includes a first waveguide, which is a plasmonic waveguide, having a first core with a nonlinear material, such as a ferroelectric material, and having a cladding with a first cladding portion including, at a first interface with the first core, a first cladding material that is an electrically conductive material. The terahertz device can include an antenna having a first and a second arm (for receiving or for emitting or for both, receiving and emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range); a first and a second electrode arranged close to the first waveguide.

A terahertz device includes a first waveguide, which is a plasmonic waveguide, having a first core with a nonlinear material, such as a ferroelectric material, and having a cladding with a first cladding portion including, at a first interface with the first core, a first cladding material that is an electrically conductive material. The terahertz device can include an antenna having a first and a second arm (for receiving or for emitting or for both, receiving and emitting electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range); a first and a second electrode arranged close to the first waveguide.

The invention relates to a sensor for a terahertz imaging system which can be integrally produced using a semiconductor technology, comprising a flat substrate (60) made from semiconductor material that is transparent to terahertz radiation, configured to be oriented parallel to an object (12) to be analyzed; and a plurality of terahertz radiation receivers arranged according to a matrix (10) in the substrate. The sensor is lensless and comprises at least one terahertz radiation transmitter arranged in the substrate, so that the radiation emitted by the transmitter is reflected on the object (12) to be analyzed, towards the receivers.

A system for biomolecule identification by terahertz sensing, an asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor, and a method for biomolecule identification by terahertz sensing are presented. The asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor includes three gap areas which highly confine an electric field. The biosensor includes an E-shaped structure facing an inverted E-shaped structure with gaps between the respective legs. Each leg has a specially designed extension on either side which increases the electric field. A terahertz laser interrogates an analyte upon the metamaterial structure with a plurality of frequencies. The amplitude difference is estimated by an amplitude difference referencing technique. The amplitude difference is matched to a database record to identify the biomolecule analyte. The asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor in combination with the amplitude difference referencing technique detects the type of biomolecule with a high degree of accuracy and requires only small analyte samples with sub-micron thicknesses.

A sample signal amplification method using a terahertz band graphene absorber is provided. The method comprises: fabricating a graphene absorber through steps of metal evaporation, graphene transfer and the like; preparing sample solutions having different concentrations; dropwise adding a sample solution to the surface of the graphene absorber, and then drying in the air at room temperature; collecting terahertz time-domain signals of all sample points to be detected and reference sample points on the surface of the graphene absorber; and calculating absorption rates of all the sample points to be detected and the reference sample points according to the terahertz time-domain signals, and calculating the intensity change of an absorption peak according to the intensity value corresponding to the highest point of the absorption peak.

A sample signal amplification method using a terahertz band graphene absorber is provided. The method comprises: fabricating a graphene absorber through steps of metal evaporation, graphene transfer and the like; preparing sample solutions having different concentrations; dropwise adding a sample solution to the surface of the graphene absorber, and then drying in the air at room temperature; collecting terahertz time-domain signals of all sample points to be detected and reference sample points on the surface of the graphene absorber; and calculating absorption rates of all the sample points to be detected and the reference sample points according to the terahertz time-domain signals, and calculating the intensity change of an absorption peak according to the intensity value corresponding to the highest point of the absorption peak.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for classifying and evaluating an electronic object based at least in part on terahertz (THz) data. THz data may comprise time-domain THz data collected via THz time domain spectroscopy of the electronic object. THz data may further comprise frequency-domain THz data, which may be generated based at least in part on the time-domain THz data. A unique THz fingerprint may be generated for the electronic object based at least in part on the THz data. This unique THz fingerprint may be compared to an earlier generated THz fingerprint of the same electronic object to evaluate reliability and consistency. The unique THz fingerprint may also be compared to THz fingerprints or THz data of other electronic objects of the same object type, class, design, and/or the like, to validate the electronic object (e.g., determine if the electronic object is counterfeit).

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for classifying and evaluating an electronic object based at least in part on terahertz (THz) data. THz data may comprise time-domain THz data collected via THz time domain spectroscopy of the electronic object. THz data may further comprise frequency-domain THz data, which may be generated based at least in part on the time-domain THz data. A unique THz fingerprint may be generated for the electronic object based at least in part on the THz data. This unique THz fingerprint may be compared to an earlier generated THz fingerprint of the same electronic object to evaluate reliability and consistency. The unique THz fingerprint may also be compared to THz fingerprints or THz data of other electronic objects of the same object type, class, design, and/or the like, to validate the electronic object (e.g., determine if the electronic object is counterfeit).

A system for biomolecule identification by terahertz sensing, an asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor, and a method for biomolecule identification by terahertz sensing are presented. The asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor includes three gap areas which highly confine an electric field. The biosensor includes an E-shaped structure facing an inverted E-shaped structure with gaps between the respective legs. Each leg has a specially designed extension on either side which increases the electric field. A terahertz laser interrogates an analyte upon the metamaterial structure with a plurality of frequencies. The amplitude difference is estimated by an amplitude difference referencing technique. The amplitude difference is matched to a database record to identify the biomolecule analyte. The asymmetric triple split-rectangular (ATSR) metamaterial biosensor in combination with the amplitude difference referencing technique detects the type of biomolecule with a high degree of accuracy and requires only small analyte samples with sub-micron thicknesses.