A spectroscopy system comprising at least two laser modules, each of the laser modules including a laser cavity, a quantum cascade gain chip for amplifying light within the laser cavity, and a tuning element for controlling a wavelength of light generated by the modules. Combining optics are used to combine the light generated by the at least two laser modules into a single beam and a sample detector detects the single beam returning from a sample.

A method for measuring a concentration of at least one target species includes generating first and second laser beams having respective first and second wavelengths each corresponding to respective absorption lines of the at least one target species. The method includes coupling the first and second laser beams to proximal ends of first and second fundamental modes of first and second optical waveguides, respectively. The method includes transmitting through a measurement zone, for a distal end of the first and second optical waveguides, a probe signal including the first and second laser beam. The method includes determining a first signal strength of the probe signal at the first wavelength and a second signal strength of the probe signal at the second wavelength, and determining, from the first signal strength and the second signal strength, a concentration of the at least one target species.

Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

The present invention provides systems and methods for measuring the isotope ratios of one or more trace gases based on optical absorption spectroscopy methods. The system includes an optical cavity containing a gas. The system also includes a laser optically coupled with the optical cavity, and a detector system for measuring absorption of laser light by the gas in the cavity.

One or more light sources emit light within first, second, and third wavelength ranges through exhaust gas. The first and second wavelength ranges are characterized by first and second different absorption wavelength ranges of a background gas. The third wavelength range is characterized by an absorption wavelength range of a gas-of-interest. At least some of the light within the first, second, and third wavelength ranges is absorbed by the exhaust gas thereby providing modified light characterized by the first, second, and third absorption wavelength ranges. One or more detectors receive the modified light. A processing subsystem determines a temperature of the exhaust gas based on the modified light characterized by the first and second absorption wavelength ranges and a concentration of the gas-of-interest based on the modified light characterized by the third absorption wavelength range and the temperature of the exhaust gas.

A gas analysis system includes spectroscopy assembly coupled to a vehicle. The spectroscopy assembly includes a plurality of emitters configured to emit a plurality of light beams toward a target surface. Each light beam of the plurality of light beams comprises a predetermined wavelength. The spectroscopy assembly includes a collection optic configured to receive a plurality of reflected light beams reflected from the target surface. Additionally, the spectroscopy assembly includes a detector configured to receive the plurality of reflected light beams from the collection optic and to detect a spectral intensity of the plurality of reflected light beams. Further, the spectroscopy assembly includes a controller configured to receive a light beam signal from the detector indicative of the spectral intensity of the plurality of reflected light beams. The controller is configured to detect a target fluid based on the light beam signal.

A measurement system comprises a pulsed, near-infrared array of laser diodes, the laser diode array comprising Bragg reflectors, and wherein laser diode light is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system comprising a camera is synchronized to the laser diodes, and the camera is configured to receive some of the laser diode light reflected from the tissue. The detection system is configured to non-invasively measure blood within the skin, the detection system is configured to measure absorption of hemoglobin in the wavelength range between 700 and 1300 nanometers, and the processor is configured to compare the absorption of hemoglobin between different spatial locations of tissue and over a period of time. Physiological parameters are measured by the system. The measurement system is configured to use artificial intelligence in making decisions, and the system is further configured to use regression signal processing, multivariate data analysis, or component analysis techniques.

Apparatus for performing multiple different measurements on a small specimen sample, enabling testing and diagnoses in real time at the point of care are described. The core of the apparatus includes an ultrasonic resonator cavity where acoustic resonances are used to determine the speed of sound and sound attenuation in a single droplet. Acoustic measurements are made in the reflection mode using electrical impedance of a small piezoelectric crystal transducer that operates in the thickness longitudinal mode. Combination of this technology with electromagnetic, electrical, and magnetic fields permits multiple types of measurements to be made using the same resonator cavity.

An analyzer of a component in a sample fluid includes an optical source and an optical detector defining a beam path of a beam, wherein the optical source emits the beam and the optical detector measures the beam after partial absorption by the sample fluid, a fluid flow cell disposed on the beam path defining an interrogation region in the a fluid flow cell in which the optical beam interacts with the sample fluid and a reference fluid; and wherein the sample fluid and the reference fluid are in laminar flow, and a scanning system that scans the beam relative to the laminar flow within the fluid flow cell, wherein the scanning system scans the beam relative to both the sample fluid and the reference fluid.

The present invention provides a system for measuring concentrations of trace gases in gas mixtures using an absorption spectroscopy method. The system comprising: a resonant optical cavity containing a gas mixture, a continuous-wave external cavity laser, a detector system for measuring an absorption of laser light by the gas in the resonant optical cavity, wherein the ratio of the round-trip length of the external cavity laser to the round-trip length of the resonant optical cavity or its inverse value is between N0.2 and N+0.2, where N is a positive integer number.