A specular variable angle absolute reflectometer includes a light source and a mirror system in a light path of the light source. The mirror system is configured to reflect a light beam from the light source towards a sample that is optically reflective. The device also includes an elliptical roof mirror disposed in the light path after the sample having an ellipsoidal reflector surface configured to reflect the light beam back towards the sample. The device also includes a mechanism connected to the elliptical roof mirror. The mechanism is configured to rotate the elliptical roof mirror about an axis of the sample. The device also includes a detector in the light path after the elliptical roof mirror such that the detector receives light that has been reflected from the elliptical roof mirror, thence back to the sample, thence back to the mirror system, and thence to the detector.

A detecting apparatus for use in specifying regions having different impurity concentrations in an ingot includes an ingot holding unit having a holding surface for holding the ingot thereon, an excitation light source for applying excitation light having a predetermined wavelength to a face side of the ingot held on the holding surface, and a photodetector for detecting fluorescence emitted from the ingot upon exposure to the excitation light and generating an electric signal representing a number of photons of only light whose wavelength is in an infrared radiation range, of the detected fluorescence.

A specular variable angle absolute reflectometer includes a light source and a mirror system in a light path of the light source. The mirror system is configured to reflect a light beam from the light source towards a sample that is optically reflective. The device also includes an elliptical roof mirror disposed in the light path after the sample having an ellipsoidal reflector surface configured to reflect the light beam back towards the sample. The device also includes a mechanism connected to the elliptical roof mirror. The mechanism is configured to rotate the elliptical roof mirror about an axis of the sample. The device also includes a detector in the light path after the elliptical roof mirror such that the detector receives light that has been reflected from the elliptical roof mirror, thence back to the sample, thence back to the mirror system, and thence to the detector.

A detecting apparatus for use in specifying regions having different impurity concentrations in an ingot includes an ingot holding unit having a holding surface for holding the ingot thereon, an excitation light source for applying excitation light having a predetermined wavelength to a face side of the ingot held on the holding surface, and a photodetector for detecting fluorescence emitted from the ingot upon exposure to the excitation light and generating an electric signal representing a number of photons of only light whose wavelength is in an infrared radiation range, of the detected fluorescence.

An illumination system may include an illumination source, a line-projection system to simultaneously illuminate a pupil plane with a static distribution of a plurality of one-dimensional (1D) coherent beams. Each of the 1D coherent beams of the plurality of 1D coherent beams may extend lengthwise along a coherent direction between boundaries of the pupil plane, have a width along an incoherent direction perpendicular to the coherent direction, and are distributed in a parallel distribution along the incoherent direction. Each of the 1D coherent beams of the plurality of 1D coherent beams is also spatially coherent along the coherent direction and spatially incoherent along the incoherent direction. The system may further include an objective lens to form a light sheet in an imaging plane based on an incoherent superposition of the plurality of 1D coherent beams.

A device for exciting objects with an excitation radiation and for detecting a photoluminescence radiation emitted by the objects after the absorption of the excitation radiation. The device includes a wall in contact with the objects, an organic light-emitting diode for emitting the excitation radiation and transparent to the photoluminescence radiation, an optical resonator tuned to the wavelength of the photoluminescence radiation and located on the side of the organic light-emitting diode opposite to the wall, and at least one sensor of the photoluminescence radiation arranged on the side of the optical resonator opposite to the organic light-emitting diode.

An optical measuring device includes an integrator formed with an incident opening on which excitation light is to be incident and an exit opening from which measurement light is to exit, a light guide unit for guiding the measurement light that exits from the exit opening, and a light detecting unit for detecting the measurement light guided by the light guide unit. The light guide unit includes a plurality of light guide members arranged so that incident end surfaces of the light guide members face the inside of the integrator through the exit opening. The light detecting unit detects the measurement light that is guided by at least one of the plurality of light guide members. Light-receiving regions of the plurality of light guide members on the incident end surface side overlap with each other in the integrator.

An optical measuring device includes an integrator formed with an incident opening on which excitation light is to be incident and an exit opening from which measurement light is to exit, a light guide unit for guiding the measurement light that exits from the exit opening, and a light detecting unit for detecting the measurement light guided by the light guide unit. The light guide unit includes a plurality of light guide members arranged so that incident end surfaces of the light guide members face the inside of the integrator through the exit opening. The light detecting unit detects the measurement light that is guided by at least one of the plurality of light guide members. Light-receiving regions of the plurality of light guide members on the incident end surface side overlap with each other in the integrator.

The present invention relates to a system for conducting the identification and quantification of micro-organisms, e.g., bacteria, in biological samples. More particularly, the invention relates to a system comprising a disposable cartridge and an optics cup or cuvette having a tapered surface; wherein the walls are angled to allow for better coating and better striations of the light. The system may utilize the disposable cartridge in the sample processor and the optics cup or cuvette in the optical analyzer, wherein the optics cup also has a floor in the shape of an inverted arch.

A system for measuring a liquid sample comprising biological material, the system comprising an integrating light collector for collecting light and for at least partially containing the sample; a light source for introducing light in the integrating light collector; a signal generator or modulator configured to cause a known modulation of the light output by the light source; a phase-sensitive detector for detecting scattered light in the integrating light collector; at least one of an exit port to allow un-scattered light to exit the integrating light collector, a beam dump, or a baffle arranged to absorb unscattered light; and a processor configured to analyse the detected modulated light to determine changes in the detected modulated light as a function of time thereby to determine at least one of: drug susceptibility of the biological material; a change in a number of cells in the sample; a change in cell state; a change in the biological material.