The disclosure relates to systems, methods and apparatus of storing, transporting, mixing, and injecting a drug as a solution, and in some embodiments, to a drug injection apparatus and system intended for use in mixing on demand a drug with a liquid, such as water, in a premeasured quantity and dosage, and injecting the drug mixture using an integrated hypodermic needle assembly. Also provided are methods of using such apparatus and systems.

The disclosure relates to systems, methods and apparatus of storing, transporting, mixing, and injecting a drug as a solution, and in some embodiments, to a drug injection apparatus and system intended for use in mixing on demand a drug with a liquid, such as water, in a premeasured quantity and dosage, and injecting the drug mixture using an integrated hypodermic needle assembly. Also provided are methods of using such apparatus and systems.

This invention relates to compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

and enantiomers thereof, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Formula (I) and said enantiomers, wherein A, L.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and n are as defined herein. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to methods and uses of such compounds, salts, and compositions for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, including cancer, in a subject in need thereof.

This invention relates to compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00001##

and enantiomers thereof, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of Formula (I) and said enantiomers, wherein A, L.sup.2, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and n are as defined herein. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to methods and uses of such compounds, salts, and compositions for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, including cancer, in a subject in need thereof.

Up-regulation of caspase has been found in COVID-19 patients, and also occurs in patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions. Such up-regulation can be responsible for poor clinical outcomes in patients having such diseases or disorders, as such up-regulation leads to a process called pyroptosis: death and malfunction of immune system cells, particularly of certain types of lymphocytes. An inhibitor of caspase such as a caspase 1 inhibitor, or “pan-caspase” inhibitor (i.e., an inhibitor of multiple caspase types including caspase-1), can be used to treat COVID-19 patients or individuals at risk of infection, by limiting the malfunction of the immune system. A caspase-1 or pan-caspase inhibitor is advantageously administered before or very early in the course of infection by a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or SARS-Cov-2.

Up-regulation of caspase has been found in COVID-19 patients, and also occurs in patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions. Such up-regulation can be responsible for poor clinical outcomes in patients having such diseases or disorders, as such up-regulation leads to a process called pyroptosis: death and malfunction of immune system cells, particularly of certain types of lymphocytes. An inhibitor of caspase such as a caspase 1 inhibitor, or “pan-caspase” inhibitor (i.e., an inhibitor of multiple caspase types including caspase-1), can be used to treat COVID-19 patients or individuals at risk of infection, by limiting the malfunction of the immune system. A caspase-1 or pan-caspase inhibitor is advantageously administered before or very early in the course of infection by a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or SARS-Cov-2.

Up-regulation of caspase has been found in COVID-19 patients, and also occurs in patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and other conditions. Such up-regulation can be responsible for poor clinical outcomes in patients having such diseases or disorders, as such up-regulation leads to a process called pyroptosis: death and malfunction of immune system cells, particularly of certain types of lymphocytes. An inhibitor of caspase such as a caspase 1 inhibitor, or “pan-caspase” inhibitor (i.e., an inhibitor of multiple caspase types including caspase-1), can be used to treat COVID-19 patients or individuals at risk of infection, by limiting the malfunction of the immune system. A caspase-1 or pan-caspase inhibitor is advantageously administered before or very early in the course of infection by a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, or SARS-Cov-2.

Provided herein is a combination product comprising a Bcl-2 inhibitor, an anti-CD20 antibody and/or bendamustine or a combination product comprising a Bcl-2 inhibitor and CHOP, the combination product provides a use of the combination product for prevention and/or treatment of a disease (e.g., cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis).

Provided herein is a combination product comprising a Bcl-2 inhibitor, an anti-CD20 antibody and/or bendamustine or a combination product comprising a Bcl-2 inhibitor and CHOP, the combination product provides a use of the combination product for prevention and/or treatment of a disease (e.g., cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis).

A bioscaffold comprising a graphene matrix for use in cellular therapy is disclosed. In particular, a bioscaffold having a coating of dexamethasone on a three-dimensional graphene matrix is provided, wherein the bioscaffold elutes dexamethasone to reduce inflammatory responses following implantation of the bioscaffold in a subject. Having the dexamethasone released locally in the vicinity of the bioscaffold avoids the systemic side effects from conventional intravenous delivery while allowing the dexamethasone to modulate the inflammatory milieu within the transplantation microenvironment.