Pharmaceutical compositions for the topical administration of a drug to the pilosebaceous unit and methods for administering the same. As disclosed herein, the inventors of the present invention have made the surprising discovery that pharmaceutical compositions comprising small particles of an active pharmaceutical ingredient can be administered to the pilosebaceous unit. The pharmaceutical composition can comprise SHR0302 or spironolactone as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Provided is a urination disorder-improving agent useful for treating or improving (or alleviating) a urination disorder regardless of the degree or presence of prostatomegaly. The urination disorder-improving agent contains a 2-oxapregnane compound represented by the following formula (1) as an active ingredient. (In the formula, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 represent an alkyl group such as methyl group, R.sub.4 represents an alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl group, X represents a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, Y represents a hydroxyl group or oxo group bonded to the 11-position, 15-position, or 16-position of the steroid skeleton.)

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Provided is a urination disorder-improving agent useful for treating or improving (or alleviating) a urination disorder regardless of the degree or presence of prostatomegaly. The urination disorder-improving agent contains a 2-oxapregnane compound represented by the following formula (1) as an active ingredient. (In the formula, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 represent an alkyl group such as methyl group, R.sub.4 represents an alkylcarbonyl group such as acetyl group, X represents a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom, Y represents a hydroxyl group or oxo group bonded to the 11-position, 15-position, or 16-position of the steroid skeleton.)

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The present invention relates to a hormone replacement therapy, to the associated compounds and to the associated packaging units, for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms which is based on the administration to a female mammal of an estetrol component at specified daily doses, optionally in combination with a progestogenic component.

The therapy enjoys a statistically significant efficacy combined with a favourable profile for side effects compared to currently available methods for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms.

The present invention relates to a hormone replacement therapy, to the associated compounds and to the associated packaging units, for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms which is based on the administration to a female mammal of an estetrol component at specified daily doses, optionally in combination with a progestogenic component.

The therapy enjoys a statistically significant efficacy combined with a favourable profile for side effects compared to currently available methods for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms.

The present invention relates to a hormone replacement therapy, to the associated compounds and to the associated packaging units, for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms which is based on the administration to a female mammal of an estetrol component at specified daily doses, optionally in combination with a progestogenic component.

The therapy enjoys a statistically significant efficacy combined with a favourable profile for side effects compared to currently available methods for alleviating menopause-associated symptoms.

The present invention relates to a combination product comprising a limonoid compound (or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, ester, stereoisomer, salt or prodrug thereof), and a glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2) inhibitor (e.g., canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin and tofogliflozin). The present invention further relates to a use of the combination product for prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with diabetes and the like.

The present invention relates to a combination product comprising a limonoid compound (or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, ester, stereoisomer, salt or prodrug thereof), and a glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2) inhibitor (e.g., canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin and tofogliflozin). The present invention further relates to a use of the combination product for prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with diabetes and the like.

The present invention relates to a combination product comprising a limonoid compound (or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative, ester, stereoisomer, salt or prodrug thereof), and a glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2) inhibitor (e.g., canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, luseogliflozin and tofogliflozin). The present invention further relates to a use of the combination product for prevention and/or treatment of a disease associated with diabetes and the like.

The present disclosure provides methods for treating or alleviating symptoms of a disease, disorder, or condition related to excess androgen or stress-induced skin changes in a subject in need thereof by topically administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of spironolactone to the subject. Other aspects relate to methods for providing anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging benefits for the skin to a subject in need thereof by topically administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of spironolactone to the subject. Surprisingly, it has been found that spironolactone may be topically administered with reduced adverse effect compared to systemic administration of the same medication.