The invention pertains to nicotinamide mononucleotide, a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable precursor thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use thereof in decreasing immunosenescence and/or for improving immune response to vaccination, and to compositions comprising the same.

The invention pertains to nicotinamide mononucleotide, a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable precursor thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use thereof in decreasing immunosenescence and/or for improving immune response to vaccination, and to compositions comprising the same.

Antibody-drug conjugates, compositions thereof, and methods use. The antibody-drug conjugates include a fusion protein comprising an antibody covalently linked to an ADP-ribosyl cyclase protein via a peptide linker moiety at one or more of a C-terminus or N-terminus of a heavy or light chain of the antibody, a NAD or NMN analogue, and a payload such that the NAD or NMN analogue is conjugated to both the payload and the ADP-ribosyl cyclase protein.

The present invention relates to a synthesis method of preventing the formation of impurities and byproducts in the synthesis of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Teno-DF) used as a medicine for hepatitis B and HIV treatment due to its function to promote bioactivities. In the synthesis method of the present invention, an ion-exchange resin (Dowex 50W hydrogen form, sulfonic acidic cation exchange resin) is used to enhance the yield and purity of the compound. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing an oral dissolving film dosage form in the manufacture of a medicine using the tenofovir compound with high purity obtained by the synthesis method of the present invention as an effective ingredient.

The present invention relates to a synthesis method of preventing the formation of impurities and byproducts in the synthesis of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Teno-DF) used as a medicine for hepatitis B and HIV treatment due to its function to promote bioactivities. In the synthesis method of the present invention, an ion-exchange resin (Dowex 50W hydrogen form, sulfonic acidic cation exchange resin) is used to enhance the yield and purity of the compound. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing an oral dissolving film dosage form in the manufacture of a medicine using the tenofovir compound with high purity obtained by the synthesis method of the present invention as an effective ingredient.

The invention provides a method for improving attention of a healthy human subject by administering an effective amount of citidine-5′-diphosphocholine or a salt thereof to a healthy human subject.

The invention provides a method for improving attention of a healthy human subject by administering an effective amount of citidine-5′-diphosphocholine or a salt thereof to a healthy human subject.

The present disclosure provides compounds and compositions capable of extending lifespan, and methods of use thereof.

Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H.sub.2S, N.sub.2O, SO, SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for IIb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.

Methods which increase the bioavailability of beneficial gases in the circulatory system are provided. The methods involve administering agents that changes the binding affinity of a medicinal gas such as NO, CO, H.sub.2S, N.sub.2O, SO, SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 for IIb and/or hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). The change results in increased release of gases carried by Hb and HBOCs. As a result, the concentration of the gases in circulation is raised, and they are more available to exert their beneficial effects, e.g. in the treatment of disease or conditions caused by low levels of the gases. The methods are optionally used together with administration of medicinal gases and/or administration of HBOCs and/or other non-HBOC gas carriers such as PFC, and as (or in conjunction with) diagnostic methods.