There are provided peptide tags derived from bacteriophytochrome (BphP) that is photoreceptor protein of Deinococcus <i/> radiodurans, an antibody capable of specifically recognizing the peptide tags, hybridoma cell lines capable of producing the antibody, and uses thereof. The novel peptide tag has advantages in that it has a short length and can remove a non-specific reaction of the conventional c-myc tag and FLAG tag. Therefore, in the case of using the novel peptide tag and antibody thereto, the fusion protein expressed in a recombinant cell can be very effectively detected or purified. In addition, an epitope tagging system including the novel peptide tag and antibody thereto can be applied in various fields such as a determination of an intracellular site, a confirmation of functionality, detection and purification of specific protein, and researches on interaction between proteins.

A method including detecting a presence of at least one analyte in a sample from a subject wherein the at least one analyte is selected from the group consisting of: mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, Mucin-16, GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and SOD1, and determining the subject has hydrosalpinx if the sample comprises an increased level of mesothelin, Galectin-3-binding protein, Clusterin, Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, Osteopontin, Alpha-amylase 1, WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2, and/or Mucin-16 relative to a control, and/or a decreased level of GSTP1, PRDX5, TXN, PRDX6, and/or SOD1, relative to the control, is provided herein. The method may further include if the subject is determined to have hydrosalpinx, administering a hydrosalpinx therapy to the subject.

The present disclosure contemplates detecting and treating a pathological condition, such as intestinal ischemia such as acute mesenteric ischemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and bowel graft rejection in a subject's intestinal tract. The methodology comprises obtaining a sample from the subject; detecting whether an analyte such as Villin-1, -glutathione S-transferase, or intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is present in the sample by contacting the sample with an anti-analyte antibody and detecting binding between analyte and the antibody; and diagnosing the subject with the condition when, for example, the presence of analyte in the sample is detected and exceeds the level of analyte in a healthy control sample. A superparamagnetic bead includes an anti-Villin-1 antibody; an anti--glutathione S-transferase antibody, or an anti-intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) antibody. A superparamagnetic bead comprising a surface coating that binds Villin-1, -glutathione S-transferase, or intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP).

The invention relates to a combination of biomarkers and their use in brain injury or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) detection. The invention also relates to methods of treating the individual diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using such biomarkers.

A simpler method for measuring enzyme activity is provided. The-method for estimating enzyme activity uses a base on which spots of immobilized substrates are formed, and includes (a) enabling an enzyme to act on the substrate on the spot to obtain an enzyme product; (b) setting one or more compartments on the spot and obtaining density of the substrate in each compartment; (c) measuring the density of the enzyme product in the each compartment; and (d) estimating the enzyme activity of the enzyme based on a relationship between the density of the substrate in the each compartment obtained by step (b) and the density of the enzyme product in the each compartment obtained by step (c).

Disclosed are pathogenic mechanisms in pulmonary hypertension and molecular inhibitors of the same. Particularly, GSTP1 (glutathione S-transferase P1) have been demonstrated as having a role in regulating the endothelial ISCU function in pulmonary hypertension. Accordingly, methods for treating pulmonary hypertension in a subject in need thereof comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition that inhibits glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP1) and/or increasing ISCU expression are disclosed. The GSTP1 inhibitor can comprise a piperlongumine analog, such as BRD-K34222889, or a derivative thereof.

Provided are agents and methods for treating or preventing diseases mediated by pathological HIF-1 activity. The disclosure provides an AREL1 inhibitor that restores PHD2 stability or activity and thereby decreases HIF-1 protein level and/or transcriptional activity. In exemplary embodiments, inhibition of AREL1 decreases expression of HIF-1 target genes such as VEGF and suppresses angiogenesis, supporting use of the disclosed agents for treating cancer and other angiogenesis-driven disorders. In some embodiments, the diseases include autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.