Methods and materials for development of high-throughput screening assays for detection of cyclic GMP (cGAMP) and/or cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) activity are provided by this invention.

Methods and compositions for nucleotide sequencing are provided. In some embodiments, click chemistry is used to link barcoding oligonucleotides to DNA fragments comprising adapters introduced by a transposase.

Provided herein are, in various embodiments, devices and compositions for detecting, monitoring, and/or treating environmental stress in, and/or selecting for propagation and/or protection, one or more marine invertebrates. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the devices and compositions provide for the detection, monitoring, treatment, and or selection of coral holobionts in response to thermal stress. In still further embodiments, the disclosure provides for the selection of coral holobionts for increased viability, variation, abundance, proliferation, fecundity, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for mitigation against the loss of coral reefs due to climate change.

The present disclosure relates to methods of determining whether a subject has cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a subject has cancer when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for the cancer. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of determining whether a morphologically normal cell is malignant. Identification of malignant cells, when a pathological assessment of cell morphology is negative for cancer, is based upon detecting the binding of an anti-telomerase antibody to clinically relevant cells.

Disclosed are UAP inhibitors to inhibit glucose flux in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and methods of treating a disease using the inhibitors.

Model systems have shown that shifting a cell's reliance from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis can protect against cell death. Exploiting the therapeutic potential of this strategy, however, has been limited by the lack of clinically safe agents that remodel energy metabolism. The present invention identifies non-toxic small molecules (e.g., drug-like compounds) that are capable of modulating oxidative metabolism. One identified compound comprises meclizine. As described herein, meclizine, and its enantiomer S-meclizine, redirects OXPHOS to glycolysis. Such compounds could be protective or therapeutic in degenerative disorders such as diabetes, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease and/or ischemic disorders including, but not limited to, stroke, heart attack, or reperfusion injuries.

Provided is a method for detecting a microRNA. The method comprises: adding both (a) a polyadenylic acid tailing reaction system and (b) a reverse transcription reaction system to a sample to be detected, and subjecting the mixture to a one-step method by means of using a universal reverse transcription primer to obtain a reverse-transcribed cDNA product; and amplifying the product with a downstream universal primer and a specific upstream primer and detecting the amplified product with a universal fluorescence probe in a DNA amplification reaction and fluorescence detection system. Further provided is a kit based on the above-mentioned method. The provided method and kit have significantly higher sensitivity and specificity than traditional methods, can realize high-throughput sensitive detection with a small amount of samples, are convenient to operate and consume a short amount of time, and can detect batches of target microRNAs at low cost. Therefore, the provided method and kit are suitable for the screening of various biological samples, early diagnosis, companion diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of clinical diseases, etc.

A method for determining the level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in a biological sample, including the steps of: a) a measurement of the concentration of PPi in a first fraction of the biological sample, using an assay based on enzymatic reaction, b) a measurement of the concentration of PPi in a second fraction of the biological sample, using an assay based on ionic chromatography, and c) a comparison of the value measured in step a) and the value measured in step b), and assessing if the difference is above a pre-determined threshold. If the difference between the values measured respectively in step a) and in step b) is lower than or equal to the pre-determined threshold, the concentration of PPi in the biological sample is determined as the mean of the values measured in step a) and in step b).

The present disclosure relates to novel NMNAT2 activators, semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones, to processes for preparing them, to pharmaceutical preparations comprising them, to the method by administering the novel semicarbazones and thiosemicarbazones for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to the use thereof for the production of a medicament for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, especially neurodegenerative and age-associated diseases or conditions associated with NAD loss. The present disclosure also provides a method for high throughput screening of NMNAT2 activators.

A method for identification of a multipotent mesenchymal stem cell subpopulation, among a heterogenic population of gastrointestinal tract mucosa mesenchymal stromal cells, is provided. Further provided is a kit including a probe for identification or isolation of gastrointestinal tract mucosa mesenchymal stem cells, and a pharmaceutical composition including enriched or isolated mesenchymal stem cell from the gastrointestinal tract mucosa, for treating an individual suffering from a disorder or a disease.