Object: A plurality of problems of an electromagnetic wave transmissive cover to be installed in an electromagnetic wave irradiation direction of a sensor using an electromagnetic wave are simultaneously eliminated. Resolution means: An electromagnetic wave transmissive cover 1 is a member to be installed in an electromagnetic wave irradiation direction of a millimeter wave radar 100 using an electromagnetic wave, and includes a colored resin member 3, a transparent resin member 5, and a transparent heater film 7. The transparent resin member 5 is provided on an opposite side to the millimeter wave radar 100 of the colored resin member 3. The transparent heater film 7 is provided on the opposite side to the millimeter wave radar 100 of the colored resin member 3, includes a wiring pattern formed by copper plating or etching, and has electromagnetic wave transmissivity.

A vehicle exterior component includes a decoration body and a heater wire that includes a first heater wire portion arranged inside a passage region for millimeter waves in an up-down direction and a second heater wire portion arranged outside the passage region and extending horizontally on at least one of upper or lower sides of the first heater wire portion. The first heater wire portion includes linear portions horizontally spaced apart from each other and extending in the up-down direction and fold-back portions each connecting ends of adjacent ones of the linear portions such that all the linear portions are connected into one. The fold-back portions include a fold-back portion adjacent to the second heater wire portion. An interval of the narrowest part between the second heater wire portion and the fold-back portion adjacent to the second heater wire portions is set to between 2 mm and 7 mm, inclusive.

For example, an apparatus may include a radome; and a stack series fed antenna including a plurality of antenna layers, the plurality of antenna layers including a first antenna layer on an inner surface of the radome, the first antenna layer including a first plurality of serially connected antenna elements, and a first trace configured to drive an electrical current from a power source to the first plurality of serially connected antenna elements; and a second antenna layer covered by the inner surface of the radome, the second antenna layer including a second plurality of serially connected antenna elements, and a second trace configured to serially connect the second plurality of serially connected antenna elements to a Radio Frequency (RF) chain.

A sensor device includes at least one sensor unit, which is configured to detect a detection area; at least one through element, wherein the at least one sensor unit is configured to detect the detection area through the at least one through element; at least one temperature sensor on or in at least one through element, the at least one temperature sensor being configured to detect a temperature of the at least one through element; at least one heating unit, which is configured to heat the at least one through element; and a controller, which is connected to the at least one temperature sensor and the at least one heating unit and which is configured to control the at least one heating unit based on the temperature detected by the at least one temperature sensor.

A cover element is provided for a radome in a vehicle, which has an at least partially metallised film which is over-moulded on a front side with a layer of a first plastic and back-moulded on a back side with a cover layer of the second plastic, wherein a heating element is provided on the back side or front side of the at least partially metallised film.

A sensor cover heat generating structure, applied to a sensor cover of an in-vehicle sensor that transmits and receives an electromagnetic wave for detecting an object outside a vehicle, the sensor cover being located in front of the in-vehicle sensor in a transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave, the heat generating structure includes: a heater wire provided to the sensor cover, the heater wire being configured to generate heat when the heater wire is energized. The heater wire includes two electrode portions and a plurality of parallel portions, the two electrode portions have a predetermined length and are disposed at a distance from each other, the plurality of parallel portions extend in parallel to each other so as to connect the two electrode portions, and the electrode portions have a wire width equal to or greater than a total value of wire widths of the plurality of parallel portions.

A method for operating a heating device for controlling the temperature of a radome of a radar sensor of a vehicle includes the steps of: receiving surroundings data that describe surroundings of the vehicle and/or at least one area of the radome of the vehicle, detecting a deposit of a precipitation on the radome on the basis of the surroundings data, outputting a heating signal to the heating device in order to control the temperature of the radome on the basis of the detected deposit of the precipitation. The surroundings data received are image data from at least one camera of the vehicle. The image data are used to detect the precipitation in the surroundings and/or on the area of the radome.

A ranging apparatus is provided which is mountable to a vehicle and emits a transmit wave and receives a reflected wave arising from reflection of the transmit signal from an object to calculate a distance to the object. The ranging apparatus includes a light transmissive window, a heater, and a controller. The light transmissive window permits at least one of the transmit wave and the reflected wave to pass through. The heater works to add thermal energy to the light transmissive window. The controller uses an ambient temperature outside the ranging apparatus and a speed of the vehicle derived from a vehicle speed sensor to control energization of the heater. When the vehicle speed sensor is malfunctioning, the controller controls the energization of the heater as a function of the ambient temperature without use of the speed of the vehicle.

A sensor abnormality determining apparatus is configured to determine an abnormality in a sensor apparatus, which is used to recognize a surrounding environment of a vehicle and which includes a heater for heating a cover. The sensor abnormality determining apparatus is provided with: a detector configured to detect a temperature of the heater; an estimator configured to estimate a temperature of the heater on the basis of a speed of the vehicle and an outside air temperature; and a determinator configured to determine an abnormality in the sensor apparatus on the basis of the detected temperature and the estimated temperature.

A sensor arrangement of a motor vehicle, the sensor arrangement having a sensor element emitting electromagnetic radiation in a measuring direction to determine a measurement signal, and a cover element disposed in front of the sensor element in the measuring direction and being an injection-molded plastic part permeable to the electro-magnetic radiation and having an outer side facing a vehicle environment and an inner side facing the sensor element, and a heating means comprising conductor tracks. The conductor tracks can be applied to a film formed to the inner side of the cover element during production of the cover element by injection-molding, the film with the conductor tracks thus forming an insert of the injection-molded cover element, the conductor tracks being located on the side of the film facing away from the sensor element.