Provided a light modulating device including a variable mirror including a plurality of lattice structures, the plurality of lattice structures including a material having a refractive index that changes based on a temperature of the material, a distributed Bragg mirror spaced apart from the variable mirror and provided above the variable mirror, the distributed Bragg mirror including a first material layer and a second material layer that are alternately stacked, and a refractive index of the first material layer being different from a refractive index of the second material layer, and a heating portion configured to heat the plurality of lattice structures and provided below the variable mirror opposite to the distributed Bragg mirror.

An actuatable optical waveguide includes an optical fiber with a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) outer cladding, a polymer core disposed within the outer cladding, and a shape memory polymer (SMP) layer disposed on an outer surface of the outer cladding such that the optical fiber is configured to reversibly change shape upon actuation of the SMP layer. In some variations, the LCE outer cladding is a UV-cured LCE outer cladding, the polymer core is a UV-cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) core, and the SMP layer is a UV-cured SMP layer.