The Invention features an implantable cell device that includes a membrane defining and enclosing a chamber; a distance body within the chamber for reducing the diffusion distance for a biological active factor to or across the membrane; and a support scaffold within the chamber for increasing the cell support surface area per unit volume of the chamber for distributing cells.

A method of treating or preventing overgrowth by pathogenic bacteria in a subject deficient in butyrate and/or butyrate-producing bacteria in their gut microbiota by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a butyrate-producing bacteria to the subject is described. A prebiotic can be included with the butyrate-producing bacteria. Overgrowth by pathogenic bacteria is commonly caused by antibiotic administration.

Anhydrous compositions comprising a co-selected microbiota and methods for using same to treat disorders associated with dysbiosis (an imbalance of the microbial community inhabiting a subject or inhabiting a particular tissue in a subject) are described herein. In particular, anhydrous compositions comprising a co-selected microbiota and methods for treating gastrointestinal disorders associated with dysbiosis are envisioned. The use of such anhydrous compositions comprising a co-selected microbiota for treating disorders associated with dysbiosis (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders associated with dysbiosis) and the use of such anhydrous compositions comprising a co-selected microbiota in the preparation of a medicament for treating disorders associated with dysbiosis (e.g., gastrointestinal disorders associated with dysbiosis) are also embodied herein.

A method for producing a flowable active material-encapsulated core-shell microcapsule composition by mechanically removing solvent from a microcapsule suspension to produce a wet cake, and subsequently charging the wet cake with a dry flow aid, is provided.

According to the present invention, there are provided a membrane for immunoisolation, including: a porous membrane that contains a polymer, in which the porous membrane includes a layered compact portion where a pore diameter is the smallest within the membrane, and a pore diameter continuously increases in a thickness direction from the compact portion toward at least one surface of the porous membrane; a chamber for transplantation for enclosing a biological constituent therein, including the above-described membrane for immunoisolation on at least a part of a surface forming an inside and an outside of the chamber for transplantation; and a device for transplantation, including the above-described chamber for transplantation enclosing the biological constituent therein. In the membrane for immunoisolation of the present invention which can be manufactured at low costs, a deterioration in substance permeability is unlikely to occur.

The invention relates to exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and well as isolated populations of said exosomes and method for preparing said isolated exosome populations. The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising said exosome or isolated exosome population and their use in a method of treating an immune-mediated inflammatory disease in a subject.

Disclosed is a microcapsule which is used in tissue regeneration, which may be specifically directed to the damaged tissues, and which forms an extracellular matrix-like structure at a certain point and thus allows cell proliferation, and to the production method of such microcapsule.

The invention relates to a process for producing a plurality of capsules, each comprising an external shell of crosslinked hydrogel surrounding a central core, according to which a hydrogel solution and a composition of interest, intended to form the central core, are concentrically co-extruded so as to form mixed drops, each comprising a layer of hydrogel solution surrounding a drop of liquid composition of interest, characterized in that the co-extrusion step is carried out above a crosslinking aerosol so that the mixed drops pass through said crosslinking aerosol, such that the layer of hydrogel solution at least partially crosslinks around the drop of liquid composition of interest on contact with said aerosol.

Biocompatible hydrogel capsules encapsulating mammalian cells having a diameter of greater than 1 mm, and optionally a cell free core, are disclosed which have reduced fibrotic overgrowth after implantation in a subject. Methods of treating a disease in a subject are also disclosed that involve administering a therapeutically effective amount of the disclosed encapsulated cells to the subject.

The invention comprises an implantable cell device that includes a membrane defining and enclosing a chamber; a distance body within the chamber for reducing the diffusion distance for a biological active factor to or across the membrane; and a support scaffold within the chamber for increasing the cell support surface area per unit volume of the chamber for distributing cells.