An electrochromic device includes an ultra-wideband transparent conducting electrode (UWB-TCE) including: a graphene layer; a gold microgrid on the graphene layer; and an IR-transparent substrate on the graphene layer and the gold microgrid. The electrochromic device is switchable between a solar heating mode and a radiative cooling mode including coating a metal layer on the UWB-TCE for the heating mode and stripping the metal layer for the cooling mode.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a photomask. The photomask may include: a substrate; and one or more pixel units formed over the substrate. Each pixel unit may include: at least one polymer crystal element configured to interact with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light based on an orientation of the polymer crystal element; and a plurality of electrodes configured to control the orientation of the polymer crystal element by applying voltage across the polymer crystal element. Each pixel unit is controlled by the respective plurality of electrodes independently, and the one or more pixel units generate a pattern for lithography upon exposure to the EUV light.

A backlight module and a liquid crystal display panel are provided. The backlight module includes a substrate, multiple light emitting diodes, a quantum dot layer, a light-shielding layer, and a heat dissipation structure. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The multiple light emitting diodes are disposed on the first surface. The quantum dot layer is disposed on one side of the multiple light emitting diodes facing away from the substrate. The multiple light emitting diodes are each configured to emit lights of a first color. The lights of the first color are of the first color, a second color, or a third color after passing through the quantum dot layer. The light-shielding layer is disposed between each two adjacent light emitting diodes. The heat dissipation structure is disposed on the second surface.

Assemblies for enhancing the optical quality of electronic images displayed at an electronic display layer are provided. An optical component is located adjacent to the electronic display layer within a housing for the electronic display layer and the optical component. At least one shock-absorbing subassembly is attached to a location along the housing and to said optical component.

A projector according to the present disclosure includes: a light source unit; an image forming portion including a light modulation panel; a panel fan configured to flow an air flow to the light modulation panel; an image forming unit including the image forming portion and the panel fan that are housed in a case; a projection optical unit configured to project the image light generated by the image forming portion; and a vapor chamber provided at the light modulation panel, the vapor chamber including a heat receiving portion that receives heat generated in the light modulation panel and a heat dissipating portion that dissipates the heat received by the heat receiving portion, the vapor chamber being configured to vaporize a liquid refrigerant by the heat from the heat receiving portion and condense the refrigerant by the heat dissipation from the heat dissipating portion.

A head-up display comprising an image generator with a light source, a tilted display, an aspheric mirror, an optical system, a transmissive screen, and an aspheric lens, wherein the aspheric lens is arranged between the tilted display and the aspheric mirror is disclosed.

An electronic apparatus includes a housing with a power supply unit that receives external electrical power and supplies it to the apparatus using a power controller. The housing includes a heater; temperature and humidity sensors; and an electronic processor that receives power from the power supply unit and controls functions of the electronic apparatus. Upon startup, the power controller receives data from the temperature and humidity sensors; processes the received temperature and humidity data to indicate a current dew point within the housing; and compares the current dew point with a current location temperature at a location within the housing. If the current location temperature is at or below the current dew point, the heater is activated to raise the temperature within the housing. If the current location temperature is above the current dew point, electrical power supplied from the power supply unit to the electronic processor.

A liquid crystal display element includes a pixel region which optically modulates received illumination light for each pixel. A heat sink dissipates heat of the liquid crystal display element. A first mask member is fixed to the heat sink, is formed of a material having a lower heat transfer rate than the heat sink, includes a first opening of which the size corresponds to the size of the pixel region, and masks unnecessary light. A second mask member is arranged at a position further away from the liquid crystal display element than the first mask member, is fixed to the heat sink, is formed of a material having a higher heat transfer rate than the first mask member, includes a second opening of which the size is equal to or larger than the size of the first opening, and masks the unnecessary light.

Provided is an electro-optical device including an electro-optical panel that includes a display region, a holder that holds the electro-optical panel, a first temperature detecting element that is disposed on the electro-optical panel and detects the temperature of the electro-optical panel, and a second temperature detecting element that is disposed on the holder and detects the temperature of the holder. When four quadrants are defined by an X axis line passing through a center of the display region and a Y axis line passing through the center of the display region and orthogonal to the X axis line, the first temperature detecting element and the second temperature detecting element are disposed in the same quadrant.

A display panel and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The display panel comprises: a display module having an opening extending therethrough in a direction perpendicular to a light-exiting surface; and a light-shielding structure comprises a light-blocking layer positioned at an inner wall of the opening of the display module. The light-blocking layer can effectively prevent light from leaking from a film layer of the display module where the opening extends therethrough.