An object of the present invention is to provide a transfer film capable of forming a laminate exhibiting excellent antireflection performance in a case of being transferred to a member to be transferred exhibiting a high refractive index. Another object of the present invention is to provide a laminate, an acoustic speaker, and a method for manufacturing a laminate.

A transfer film including a temporary support and a photosensitive composition layer, and further including a first layer having a lower refractive index than the refractive index of the photosensitive composition layer between the temporary support and the photosensitive composition layer, in which a refractive index of the first layer is 1.45 or less.

Provided is an anti-glare film excellent in anti-glare properties and capable of suppressing reflected scattered light.

An anti-glare film including an anti-glare layer, the anti-glare film having an uneven surface, wherein for amplitude spectrum of elevation of the uneven surface, when a sum of amplitudes corresponding to spatial frequencies of 0.005 μm.sup.−1, 0.010 μm.sup.−1, and 0.015 μm.sup.−1 is defined as AM1 and an amplitude at a spatial frequency of 0.300 μm.sup.−1 is defined as AM2, AM1 is 0.070 μm or more and 0.400 μm or less, AM2 is 0.0050 μm or more, and AM2<AM1.

An anti-reflective film-attached transparent substrate includes: a transparent substrate including two major surfaces; and a diffusion layer and an anti-reflective film on one major surface of the transparent substrate, which are provided in this order. (A) A luminous reflectance SCI Y of an outermost surface of the anti-reflective film-attached transparent substrate is 1% or lower. (B) The anti-reflective film has a lamination structure in which at least two dielectric layers having different refractive indices are laminated. (C) A ratio (SCE Y)/(SCI Y) of a diffuse reflectance SCE Y of the outermost surface of the anti-reflective film-attached transparent substrate to the luminous reflectance SCI Y of the outermost surface of the anti-reflective film-attached transparent substrate is 0.15 or higher.

A display module and a display device are provided. The display module includes: a display panel; and a polarizer disposed on a light emitting side of the display panel, and the polarizer includes a polarizer body and an atomizing layer disposed on a side of the polarizer body distal to the display panel, and the atomizing layer includes an uneven surface.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polarizing element which has an excellent antireflection function in a case of being applied to an image display device; and a circularly polarizing plate and an image display device, each of which has the polarizing element. The polarizing element of an embodiment of the present invention is a polarizing element having an alignment film and an anisotropic light-absorbing film formed using a dichroic substance, in which the alignment film is a photoalignment film formed using a composition for forming a photoalignment film, including a photoactive compound having a polymerizable group and a photoreactive group, a degree S of alignment of the anisotropic light-absorbing film is 0.92 or more, and an average refractive index nave at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the alignment film is 1.55 to 2.0.

An aperture structure for a substrate for an optical device includes an optical cavity layer, a light absorbing layer, and a blocking layer. The optical cavity layer includes a dielectric material and is characterized by a refractive index of about 1.4 or greater, as measured at a wavelength of 550 nm. The light absorbing layer includes a metal or a metal alloy and is characterized by an extinction coefficient k of at least 1, as measured at a wavelength of 550 nm. The blocking layer includes a metal or a metal alloy and is characterized by an optical density of at least 3 at each wavelength of light in the range from 400 nm to 700 nm. The aperture structure includes a reflectance of less than 5% at each wavelength of light in the range from 400 nm to 700 nm, as measured through the substrate.

An optical filter includes a substrate, a filter layer on the substrate and including color filters, and a light-converting layer over the filter layer and including light-converting portions respectively corresponding to the color filters. A low refractive index layer is between the filter layer and the light-converting layer and has a refractive index less than a refractive index of the light-converting layer. A first capping layer is between the low refractive index layer and the light-converting layer and has a refractive index ranging between the refractive index of the light-converting layer and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer.

Resin films and the like capable of improving viewing angle characteristics and antireflection characteristics, for example, when the resin film is applied to a display are provided. The resin film includes a low-refractive-index layer 17 and an anisotropic diffusion layer 16. The low-refractive-index layer 17 has a refractive index of 1.40 or less. The anisotropic diffusion layer 16 anisotropically diffuses light. The anisotropic diffusion layer 16 contains anisotropic particles 162 and a resin portion 161. The anisotropic particles 162 have an anisotropic shape and a longitudinal direction aligned along one direction. The resin portion 161 diffuses the anisotropic particles 162 and is formed of a resin. A reflectivity of the resin film excluding a specular reflection light component is 1.0% or less.

Disclosed is a black-matrix substrate including a substrate, a light-shielding film located over the substrate and having a plurality of openings, and a plurality of color filters arranged in the plurality of openings. The light-shielding film includes a base film over the substrate, a metal film over the base film, and a low-reflectance film located between the base film and the metal film and has an optical reflectance lower than that of the metal film. The base film may include at least one of a resin and an inorganic compound.

To provide an optical film having excellent visibility in the wide angle direction. An optical film including at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a polyimide-based resin and a polyamide-based resin, wherein the optical film satisfies Formula (1):
0≤Ts≤0.35  (1)
wherein Ts represents a scattered light ratio (%) and is defined as Ts=Td/Tt×100, Td and Tt represent a diffuse light transmittance (%) and a total light transmittance (%), measured in accordance with JIS K-7136, respectively.