A display device includes a cover, a display, and a polarization reflection layer. The cover transmits visible light. The display displays an image. The polarization reflection layer is disposed between the cover and the display and on a surface of the display. The polarization reflection layer reflects part of light incident through the cover and transmits light of the image displayed by the display.

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display substrate. The display substrate includes a driver backplane, and a reflective structure and a pixel electrode on the driver backplane. Reflective structure and the pixel electrode are disposed sequentially away from the driver backplane along a thickness direction of the driver backplane. The pixel electrode is connected to the driver backplane through the reflective structure. A surface of the reflective structure away from the driver backplane is a reflective surface comprising a plurality of arc surfaces, and each of the plurality of arc surfaces is convex protruding towards a direction away from the driver backplane. The plurality of the arc surfaces are continuously arranged, and any two adjacent arc surfaces of the plurality of the arc surfaces are connected to each other.

The invention relates to a light modulation device having pixels. Essentially, the one half of the pixels are reflective and the other half of the pixels are transmissive. The reflective pixels are arranged in alternation with the transmissive pixels in the same substrate plane. The light modulation device also has a backplane, which has transistors and data lines for conducting signals to the pixels. Each pixel is assigned at least one transistor and at least two data lines. The transistors and the data lines of each adjacent pair of a reflective pixel and a transmissive pixel are arranged under the reflective pixel.

Various embodiments set forth optical patterning systems. In some embodiments, an optical patterning system includes multiple liquid crystal (LC) layers and a substrate including circuitry that is connected to each of the LC layers. Each LC layer is independently addressable, via connections to the circuitry in the substrate, to modulate a different degree of freedom (DOF) of light, such as an amplitude, a phase, a distinct polarization component, or an amplitude or a phase of a polarization component of the light. In addition, each LC layer can be configured to operate in a non-resonant mode, in which light passes through the LC layer a single time, or in a resonant mode, in which light bounces back and forth between reflective layers multiple times to enhance the interaction with the LC layer.

An Electrically Switchable Bragg Grating (ESBG) despeckler device comprising at least one ESBG element recorded in a hPDLC sandwiched between transparent substrates to which transparent conductive coatings have been applied. At least one of said coatings is patterned to provide a two-dimensional array of independently switchable ESBG pixels. Each ESBG pixel has a first unique speckle state under said first applied voltage and a second unique speckle state under said second applied voltage.

To provide a semiconductor device, a liquid crystal display device, and an electronic device which have a wide viewing angle and in which the number of manufacturing steps, the number of masks, and manufacturing cost are reduced compared with a conventional one. The liquid crystal display device includes a first electrode formed over an entire surface of one side of a substrate; a first insulating film formed over the first electrode; a thin film transistor formed over the first insulating film; a second insulating film formed over the thin film transistor; a second electrode formed over the second insulating film and having a plurality of openings; and a liquid crystal over the second electrode. The liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Techniques are described for operating an optical system. In some embodiments, light associated with a world object is received at the optical system. Virtual image light is projected onto an eyepiece of the optical system. A portion of a system field of view of the optical system to be at least partially dimmed is determined based on information detected by the optical system. A plurality of spatially-resolved dimming values for the portion of the system field of view may be determined based on the detected information. The detected information may include light information, gaze information, and/or image information. A dimmer of the optical system may be adjusted to reduce an intensity of light associated with the world object in the portion of the system field of view according to the plurality of dimming values.

Architecture and designs of modulating both amplitude and phase at the same time in spatial light modulation are described. According to one aspect of the present invention, light propagation is controlled in two different directions (e.g., 0 and 45 degrees) to perform both amplitude modulation and phase modulation at the same time in liquid crystals. In one embodiment, a mask is used to form a pattern, where the pattern includes an array of alignment cells or embossed microstructures, a first group of the cells are aligned in the first direction and a second group of the cells are aligned in the second direction. Depending on applications, two cells from the first group and the second group may correspond to a single pixel or two neighboring pixels, resulting in amplitude modulation and phase modulation within the pixel or within an array of pixels.

The present disclosure provides a display device including: a display panel having a display region and a peripheral region surrounding the display region, the display panel including: an array substrate, an opposite substrate and a liquid crystal layer, wherein the array substrate and the opposite substrate are opposite to each other, the liquid crystal layer is between the array substrate and the opposite substrate, a light shielding layer is on a side of at least one of the array substrate and the opposite substrate proximal to the liquid crystal layer, and an orthographic projection of the light shielding layer on the array substrate is located in the peripheral region; and a light source configured to emit light to a lateral side of the display panel, the light being incident into the liquid crystal layer from the lateral side of the display panel.

The present disclosure provides a color filter substrate, including: a base substrate, and a light-shielding pattern on the base substrate and having a plurality of openings to define a plurality of pixel regions, wherein each of the plurality of pixel regions at least includes a color filtering region, and a color filtering layer is filled in each color filtering region, and at least one of the plurality of pixel regions further includes at least one transparent region, each of which is filled with a transparent non-filtering layer. The present disclosure further provides a reflective display panel and a manufacturing method for a color filter substrate.