The disclosure provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes an upper substrate (001) and a lower substrate (002) arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer (003), a waveguide layer (004), a plurality of grating coupling structures (005), and a plurality of electrode structures (006). The liquid crystal layer (003) is arranged between the upper substrate (001) and the lower substrate (002), and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (003) have a refractive index no with respect to o-polarized light, and a refractive index ne with respect to e-polarized light; the waveguide layer (004) is arranged on a side of the lower substrate (002) facing the upper substrate (001), and a refractive index of the waveguide layer (004) is at least greater than a refractive index of a film layer in contact with the waveguide layer (004); the plurality of grating coupling structures (005) are arranged and arrayed on a surface of the waveguide layer (004) on a side thereof facing the upper substrate (001); and the plurality of electrode structures (006) are arranged on sides of the grating coupling structures (005) facing the upper substrate (001) and are in correspondence to the grating coupling structures (005) in a one-to-one manner. The display and the display device can control a display grayscale.

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal composition disposed between said first substrate and said second substrate, wherein said first substrate and said second substrate are disposed in parallel and opposite to each other; alignment layers are disposed on the sides of said first and second substrates that are close to said liquid crystal composition; and said alignment layers are provided with vertical alignment films that allow liquid crystal molecules in said liquid crystal composition to be arranged roughly perpendicular to said first and second substrates, with said liquid crystal molecules having a pretilt angle of 88.5 to 89.5.

The application relates to a device for regulating the entry of light into a room, which comprises a switchable layer of specific design comprising a twisted nematic liquid-crystalline medium and a dichroic compound.

A transmittance-variable film and the use thereof are provided. The transmittance-variable film can be useful in switching between a clear state and a dark state and reducing a difference in contrast ratio between left and right viewing angles, thereby securing excellent bilateral symmetry. Such a transmittance-variable film can be applied to various applications including various materials for buildings or vehicles requiring the control of transmissivity, or eyewear such as goggles for sports or experiencing augmented realities, sunglasses, helmets, etc.

The present application relates to a transmittance variable film, a method for producing the same, and a use thereof. The transmittance variable film of the present application can solve the drive unevenness phenomenon by adjusting the pre-tilt of the opposite alignment film of the alignment film to which the ball spacer is fixed to minimize the reverse tilt occurring upon on-off driving. The transmittance variable film of the present application can be used as sunroofs.

In a liquid crystal device, a sheet resistance of an ITO film constituting a common electrode is set to be not less than 19/ and not more than 44/ so that the surface roughness of the ITO film is managed. Accordingly, a pre-tilt angle p of a liquid crystal material can be set to 4.30.6, which can suppress the video domain and improve the contrast. Additionally, a specific resistance of the ITO film may be set to be not less than 2740 nm.Math./ and not more than 6740 nm.Math./. In addition, in an X-ray diffraction result of the ITO film, an intensity Ia of a crystal plane orientation and an intensity Ib of a crystal plane orientation is configured to satisfy a following relationship:

0.85(Ia/(Ia+Ib))0.92

A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first alignment film disposed on the first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first alignment film and the second substrate. The first substrate has a surface curved in a first direction and the second substrate has a surface curved in the first direction. The first alignment film includes a polymerization initiator and a polymer chain that is a copolymer of a dianhydride-based compound and a diamine-based compound. The polymer chain includes a main chain including a repeating unit including an imide group, a first side chain, including a vertical align group, bonded to the main chain, and a second side chain bonded to the main chain. The functional group includes a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group.

The disclosure provides a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes an upper substrate (001) and a lower substrate (002) arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer (003), a waveguide layer (004), a plurality of grating coupling structures (005), and a plurality of electrode structures (006). The liquid crystal layer (003) is arranged between the upper substrate (001) and the lower substrate (002), and liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer (003) have a refractive index no with respect to o-polarized light, and a refractive index ne with respect to e-polarized light; the waveguide layer (004) is arranged on a side of the lower substrate (002) facing the upper substrate (001), and a refractive index of the waveguide layer (004) is at least greater than a refractive index of a film layer in contact with the waveguide layer (004); the plurality of grating coupling structures (005) are arranged and arrayed on a surface of the waveguide layer (004) on a side thereof facing the upper substrate (001); and the plurality of electrode structures (006) are arranged on sides of the grating coupling structures (005) facing the upper substrate (001) and are in correspondence to the grating coupling structures (005) in a one-to-one manner. The display and the display device can control a display grayscale.

A transmittance-variable device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the transmittance-variable device includes a first guest host layer, a second guest host layer, and a phase difference element disposed between the first and second guest host layers, wherein each of the first and second guest host layers comprise a liquid crystal host and a dichroic dye guest, and the liquid crystal hosts are capable of being horizontally oriented such that their optical axes are horizontal to each other. The transmittance-variable device can switch between a clear state and a black state, can exhibit high transmittance in the clear state and a high shielding rate in the black state, and can exhibit a high contrast ratio even at the inclination angle. Such a transmittance-variable device can be used in architectural or automotive materials, or eyewear such as goggles for augmented reality experience or sports, sunglasses or helmets.

A liquid crystal display panel, a pixel electrode in each of the pixels includes a first linear electrode group extending parallel to an azimuth of approximately 45, a second linear electrode group extending parallel to an azimuth of approximately 135, a third linear electrode group extending parallel to an azimuth of approximately 225, and a fourth linear electrode group extending parallel to an azimuth of approximately 315. One of the first alignment film and the second alignment film includes a first alignment region provided with a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth of approximately 225, a third alignment region provided with a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth of approximately 45, and a region provided with substantially no pre-tilt angle or a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth approximately perpendicular to the linear electrode group on which the region is superimposed. The other of the first alignment film and the second alignment film includes a second alignment region provided with a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth of approximately 135, a fourth alignment region provided with a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth of approximately 315, and a region provided with substantially no pre-tilt angle or a pre-tilt angle at an azimuth approximately perpendicular to the linear electrode group on which the region is superimposed.