A color-filter on array substrate, having a first base substrate, includes a plurality of thin-film transistors (TFTs) disposed in an array on the first base substrate; color resists correspondingly disposed on one of the TFTs; a planarization layer disposed on the color resists and covering all of the color resists; and an electrically conductive layer disposed on the planarization layer. An orthogonal projection of the electrically conductive layer on the planarization layer covers the planarization layer. The electrically conductive layer comprises a plurality of first regions and second regions being separated. Each of the first regions is electrically connected to one of the TFTs. One of a plurality of protrusions is provided by the planarization layer or at least one of two adjacent color resists and corresponds to one of the second regions.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a display device including a first substrate including a plurality of unit regions, a unit electrode portion disposed on the first substrate in one unit region, an opposed electrode facing the unit electrode portion, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the unit electrode portion and the opposed electrode, and a protrusion interposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer and protruded toward the liquid crystal layer. The protrusion includes a pair of horizontal portions facing each other and including a side parallel to a first direction, a pair of vertical portions facing each other and including a side parallel to a second direction different from the first direction, and at least one corner portion including a first oblique side parallel to a direction oblique with respect to the first and second directions.

A method of achieving higher polar anchoring strength of liquid crystal (LC) using monolayer graphene flakes in an LC device and attaining faster electro-optic switching in an LC device comprising the steps of providing graphene in an ethanol solvent, adding a liquid crystal to the graphene and ethanol solution, forming a liquid crystal graphene ethanol solution, evaporating the ethanol, and forming a pure liquid crystal graphene mixture. A liquid crystal device with faster electro-optic switching and higher polar anchoring strength comprising an LC cell having a polyimide (PI) alignment layer, the liquid crystal graphene mixture, wherein the graphene flakes preferentially attach to the PI alignment layer; wherein the effective polar anchoring energy in the LC cell is enhanced by an order of magnitude and wherein the electro-optic response of the LC is accelerated.

A display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, a display medium layer and a sealant is provided. The second substrate is assembled with the first substrate. The display medium layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The sealant is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, surrounds the display medium layer and includes a continuous one-piece pattern, wherein the continuous one-piece pattern includes a first segment and a second segment, and a difference between a width of the first segment and a width of the second segment is greater than or equal to a third of the width of the second segment.

According to some aspects, a liquid crystal display panel comprising an electrode is provided. The electrode comprises a plurality of convex branch electrode portions arranged in a plane, the convex branch electrode portions being convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extending from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode, and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, the concave branch electrode portions being concave when viewed from the first direction, extending from the central region to the periphery and adjacent to convex branch electrode portions. According to some aspects, a method of applying a pretilt to molecules in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer via first and second electrodes is provided.

Architecture and designs of modulating both amplitude and phase at the same time in spatial light modulation are described. According to one aspect of the present invention, nano-imprinting lithograph (NIL) and E-beam are used to create micro structures (transparent) as alignment cells. A first group of the alignment cells are oriented in a first direction and a second group of the alignment cells are oriented in a second direction, light going through the first group of the alignment cells is modulated in amplitude thereof and the light going through the second group of the alignment cells is modulated in phase thereof, all via the liquid crystals and at the same time.

A liquid crystal light deflector includes a first electrode layer including a plurality of pattern electrodes arranged with a constant pitch in a first direction on a first substrate, a first alignment layer covering the first electrode layer and having a plurality of concave portions formed on an upper surface thereof and extending in parallel to a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a liquid crystal layer including a plurality of liquid crystal molecules each having a long diameter substantially parallel to the concave portions on the first alignment layer, a second electrode layer, which is a common electrode, disposed on the liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate disposed on the second electrode layer.

To shorten the response time during falling time of making a transition from a state in which a horizontal field passes through a liquid crystal layer to a state in which the horizontal field does not pass through the liquid crystal layer without necessitating a complicated structure of an electrode for generating the horizontal field. A first alignment film has a main surface having an alignment capability of aligning liquid crystal molecules in a particular alignment direction. A partition is arranged on at least a first field concentrated part at a first pixel electrode, and a second field concentrated part at the second pixel electrode. A surface of a second alignment film covering the partition has an alignment capability of aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the particular alignment direction. The partition partitions the liquid crystal layer in a direction parallel to an extension direction of the liquid crystal layer.

According to some aspects, a liquid crystal display panel comprising an electrode is provided. The electrode comprises a plurality of convex branch electrode portions arranged in a plane, the convex branch electrode portions being convex when viewed from a first direction perpendicular to the plane and extending from a central region of the electrode to a periphery of the electrode, and a plurality of concave branch electrode portions, the concave branch electrode portions being concave when viewed from the first direction, extending from the central region to the periphery and adjacent to convex branch electrode portions. According to some aspects, a method of applying a pretilt to molecules in a liquid crystal layer of a liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer via first and second electrodes is provided.

A pattern of ink applied to a display region is stabilized, and unevenness in thickness of the ink in the display region is reduced. A substrate has a hole which causes ink to be drawn into the hole, the hole has a third taper which is formed in a stepwise shape having a plurality of steps and which extends in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the ink flows into the hole, and an angle of a tangential line connecting respective vertices of the plurality of steps of the third taper is shallower than (i) an angle of a first taper which is located on a side of the hole on which side the ink flows into the hole and (ii) an angle of a second taper which is located on a side of the hole on which side the ink is pushed out from the hole.