A display element, a method for manufacturing the same, and a use thereof are provided. The display element can induce a decrease in driving voltage without reducing a difference in a cell gap, have durability by ensuring proper adhesion characteristics, and, specifically, can effectively overcome a problem of the display element including a vertical alignment adhesive layer, in particular, a problem of increasing driving voltage, which can be generated when the thickness is increased so as to improve the adhesion characteristics.

A display panel, a photo-alignment film, and a fabrication method of the photo-alignment film are provided. The display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a first photo-alignment film comprising a first photo-alignment layer and a first conductive layer that are stacked. The first photo-alignment layer is disposed close to the liquid crystal layer, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to a conductive structure in the display panel. A resistivity of the first conductive layer is smaller than 10.sup.14 .Math.cm. The second substrate includes a second photo-alignment film disposed close to the liquid crystal layer.

A display device comprising a spatial light modulator having a display polariser arranged on one side is provided with an additional polariser arranged on the same side as the display polariser and a polar control retarder between the additional polariser and the display polariser. The polar control retarder includes a liquid crystal retarder having two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to a layer of liquid crystal material on opposite sides. The surface alignment layers provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with a twist. The out-of-plane orientation of the twisted layer of liquid crystal material is modified across at least one region of the display device to provide a transmission function in response to the measured location of an off-axis snooper, achieving increased size of polar region for which desired uniformity of security factor, or reduced distraction across the display to the driver in an automotive application is achieved.

The disclosure provides means to manufacture liquid crystal based variable light transmission (VLT) glazing with high complexity curvature by utilizing a LC cell comprising a rigid substrate and a flexible substrate.

A light adjustment device includes a panel unit in which a plurality of light adjustment panels are stacked in a first direction, each light adjustment panel being shaped as a polygon and including a first substrate that is translucent and a second substrate that is translucent and overlapping the first substrate, and a light source disposed on one side relative to the panel unit in the first direction.

The present disclosure relates to a light control laminate which has excellent adhesion between the liquid crystal and the conductive layer and does not fall off easily so that damage to the laminate can be prevented, which has good cell drivability even at low voltage when implementing the light-transmitting mode even if the liquid crystal layer contains a polymer, which enables normal white to be implemented when no voltage is applied, and which has a significantly reduced thickness and a simplified manufacturing process compared to the conventional light control laminate, a smart window including the same, and an automobile or building window to which the same is applied.

A display device comprising a spatial light modulator having a display polariser arranged on one side is provided with an additional polariser arranged on the same side as the display polariser and a polar control retarder between the additional polariser and the display polariser. The polar control retarder includes a liquid crystal retarder having two surface alignment layers disposed adjacent to a layer of liquid crystal material on opposite sides. The surface alignment layers provide alignment in the adjacent liquid crystal material with a twist. The out-of-plane orientation of the twisted layer of liquid crystal material is modified across at least one region of the display device to provide a transmission function in response to the measured location of an off-axis snooper, achieving increased size of polar region for which desired uniformity of security factor, or reduced distraction across the display to the driver in an automotive application is achieved.