A light modulation element that can vary between a bright transparent mode and a dark scattering mode is provided. The light modulation element has a first light modulation layer and a second light modulation layer comprising nematic liquid crystals and a dichroic dye in a scattering mode when a voltage is applied. The first light modulation layer and the second light modulation layer are disposed to overlap each other. The light modulation element has an improved contrast ratio and haze-variable characteristics, without precipitation of dichroic dyes and an increase in power consumption.

Described herein are liquid crystal (LC) assemblies that are dimmable and techniques for manufacturing LC assemblies. In some embodiments, an LC assembly includes a Guest-Host (GH) liquid crystal layer containing nematic liquid crystals, dye molecules, and a chiral dopant. The GH liquid crystal layer is located between a pair of substrates. The LC assembly is a film assembly, with each of the substrates including a flexible film and a conductive layer formed on the flexible film. The substrates are separated by spacers that define a cell gap. The GH liquid crystal layer is configured to transition the LC assembly between darkened and lightened states depending on the voltage across the conductive layers. The flexible films allow the LC assembly to conform to the surface of a window or other rigid surface to which the LC assembly is attached. The LC assembly can be attached via a liquid or film-based adhesive.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a display panel, a first light modulation element, and a second light modulation element. The first light modulation element is overlapped with the display panel. The first light modulation element includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a first light modulation material. The first light modulation material is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second light modulation element is overlapped with the display panel and the first light modulation element. The second light modulation element includes a third electrode, a fourth electrode and a second light modulation material. The second light modulation material is disposed between the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state when a voltage is applied, and a polarizer, wherein each of the first and second polymer film substrates have in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Provided is an optoelectronic element including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a first lens pattern disposed on the first electrode and including a liquid crystal and a black dye molecule, a second lens pattern disposed on the first lens pattern, and a second electrode on the second lens pattern, wherein the black dye molecule includes about 1 to 4 azo groups and about 2 to 5 aromatic cyclic compounds.

Provided is a laminate which can not only control the amount of external light transmitted, but can also be used as a mirror. A laminate 1 comprises: a first liquid crystal member 100; a reflection type polarizing member 200; and a second liquid crystal member 300. The first liquid crystal member has first liquid crystal cells with changing orientation states, and a first absorption type polarizing member. The first liquid crystal cells can be switched: between a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted, and a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is shifted and then transmitted; between a mode where the incident light is transmitted as-is, and a mode where one type of the polarized light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted; and between a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is blocked and the other type of polarized light is transmitted, and a mode where one type of polarized light of the incident light is transmitted and the other type of polarized light is blocked. The reflection type polarizing member receives the light transmitted by the first liquid crystal member, transmits one type of polarized light of the incident light, and reflects the other type of polarized light. The second liquid crystal member has second liquid crystal cells with changing orientation states, and a second absorption type polarizing member. When the reflection type polarizing member has transmitted polarized light, the second liquid crystal cells can be switched between a mode where the polarized light is blocked and a mode where the polarized light is transmitted.

A privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator and a compensated switchable guest-host liquid crystal retarder arranged between first and second polarisers arranged in series with the spatial light modulator. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance. The visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers is reduced by means of luminance reduction over a wide polar field. In a wide angle mode of operation, the switchable liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is substantially unmodified.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a privacy module. The privacy module includes a first polarizing element, a second polarizing element, and a light modulation element. The first polarizing element includes a first light absorbing material. The first polarizing element has a surface, and the surface has a normal direction. The second polarizing element includes a second light absorbing material. The second polarizing element at least partially overlaps the first polarizing element. The light modulation element is disposed between the first polarizing element and the second polarizing element. The first light absorbing material has a first long axis, and the second light absorbing material has a second long axis. The first long axis and second long axis are parallel to the normal direction.

A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, a reflective layer, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Provided is an electronic device including a first liquid crystal layer having a first side and a second side opposite thereto; a second liquid crystal layer disposed on the first liquid crystal layer and having a third side and a fourth side opposite thereto; a first alignment layer disposed on the first side and having a first alignment direction; a second alignment layer disposed on the second side and having a second alignment direction opposite to the first alignment direction; a third alignment layer disposed on the third side and having a third alignment direction; and a fourth alignment layer disposed on the fourth side and having a fourth alignment direction opposite to the third alignment direction. The second alignment layer is between the first liquid crystal layer and the third alignment layer. The third alignment layer is between the second liquid crystal layer and the second alignment layer.