Techniques are disclosed relating to the transmission of data based on a polarization of a light signal. In some embodiments, data may include 3D video data for viewing by a user. Systems for transmitting data may include a display device and a device for switching the polarization of a video source. Systems for receiving data may include eyewear configured to present images with orthogonal polarization to each eye. In some embodiments, the rate of switching of the polarization switcher may introduce a distortion to the optical data. A Pi-cell device may be used in some embodiments to reduce distortion based on switching speed. In some embodiments, polarization switchers may introduce a distortion based on the frequency of transmitted light. In some embodiments, optical elements including in the transmitting or receiving devices may be configured to reduce distortions based on frequency.

The inventive devices may be produced in various form factors including single display element form factors, dual element form factors, or form factors that incorporate one or more flexible panels instead of hinged flat panels. The devices also include sensors to determine the device configuration. The devices may be placed into various configurations including an upright laptop, stand, tent, small tablet, large tablet, dual monitor display, or book configuration. These devices may change display modes based on the current device configuration, the current task being performed on the device, and/or spatial context as determined by any one of various environmental and configuration sensors. Different display modes include normal, presentation, sharing, augmented reality, tracing, scanning, unobstructed, ambient light, 2.5D/3D modes. Applications can be written that take specific advantage of the inventive display elements, display modes, device form factors, and device configurations.

An object is to provide a phase difference compensation element capable of improving the contrast of a liquid crystal display device while solving the problems of a high cost, an increase in the lead time, an increase in the mounting space, and the durability. A phase difference compensation element includes: a phase difference imparting and reflection preventing layer; a first birefringence layer and a second birefringence layer in which an angle of a corner formed by a main axis of refractive index anisotropy and a surface of a transparent substrate is not 90 degrees; a third birefringence layer in which an angle of a corner formed by a main axis of refractive index anisotropy and the surface of the transparent substrate is 0 degrees, wherein, when segments acquired when the main axes of the first, second, and third birefringence layers are projected onto the transparent substrate are respectively denoted by a segment A, a segment B, and a segment C, relations of the following (1) and (2) are satisfied. (1) The angle of the corner formed by the segment A and the segment B is 45 degrees or more and 70 degrees or less. (2) The segment A and the segment C are approximately parallel with each other, or the segment B and the segment C are approximately parallel with each other.

A liquid-crystal variable retarder has first and second liquid-crystal cells with respective first and second thicknesses, the second thickness being less than the first thickness. A feedback sensor provides a feedback signal indicative of a retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder. A controller is coupled to the feedback sensor and the first and second liquid-crystal cells. The controller is operable to apply a first signal to the first liquid-crystal cell based on a target retardance trajectory and a feedforward control model. The controller applies a second signal to the second liquid-crystal cell based on the feedback signal and the target retardance trajectory.

The display includes a transparent display (TD) element or layer such as at least one Transparent Organic Light Emitting Diode (TOLED) element and at least one active shutter (AS) element or layer such as a liquid crystal shutter. The AS may be opaque or transparent. The TD may be transparent or display or emit light in mixtures of color. Black may be displayed by a TD pixel by having the TD be transparent and turning an AS opaque. Each display is composed of elements that can have many states. The states can be used to create different display modes. Devices with these displays can have many form factors and configurations. These devices may change display modes based on spatial context as determined by any one of various environmental and configuration sensors.

Used herein are two or more switchable variable birefringence liquid crystal devices, in combination with a passive retarder, to produce a device that switches between two retardation values. The device preserves the normal-incidence retardation in each of two voltage states over a broad range of incidence angles using a novel self-compensation scheme. According to one embodiment of this design, the retardation in the thickness direction remains zero in both the unenergized and fully energized states.

A liquid crystal display device comprises: a first liquid crystal cell being a lateral electric field driven type; a second liquid crystal cell being a lateral electric field driven type; a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate, which are disposed so as to sandwich the first liquid crystal cell; and a third polarizing plate and a fourth polarizing plate, which are disposed so as to sandwich the second liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal display device is configured such that rotation of a liquid crystal molecule of the first liquid crystal cell and rotation of a liquid crystal molecule of the second liquid crystal cell cancel and compensate for a hue change of the first liquid crystal cell or the second liquid crystal cell when viewed from a predetermined direction.

A driving method of display panel and a display apparatus are provided. In the driving method, unequal first and second voltage signals for sub-pixels are obtained. Image input signals include first and second images adjacent in timing. In the first image, the first and second voltage signals of a first sub-pixel of a first pixel group respectively drive first sub-pixels of first and second pixel groups, and the second and first voltage signals of a second sub-pixel of the second pixel group respectively drive second sub-pixels of first and second pixel groups. In the second image, the second and first voltage signals of the first sub-pixel of the second pixel group respectively drive first sub-pixels of first and second pixel groups, and the first and second voltage signals of the second sub-pixel of the first pixel group respectively drive second sub-pixels of first and second pixel groups.

A method of calibrating a hyperspectral imaging device includes illuminating a hyperspectral imaging sensor with a light source having known spectral properties, sampling the light from the light source with the hyperspectral imaging sensor to obtain sampled spectral properties, and calibrating a performance characteristic of the hyperspectral imaging sensor based upon comparing the sampled spectral properties of the light source to the known spectral properties.

An optical device includes a liquid-crystal variable retarder. An exit-pupil expander is optically coupled to the liquid-crystal variable retarder, the exit-pupil expander includes: at least one optical input feature that receives reference light from a reference light source; and one or more optical coupling elements coupled to receive the reference light from the reference light source and expand the reference light to one or more spatially-separated regions of the liquid-crystal variable retarder