Provided are methods of in vitro maturation of spermatogonium by culturing the spermatogonium in a three-dimensional methylcellulose culture system (MCS) in a culture medium which comprises an effective concentration of a factor selected from the group consisting of granulocyte macrophages-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), under conditions capable of differentiating the spermatogonium into at least meiotic and/or postmeiotic cells, thereby in vitro maturing the spermatogonium.

The present invention involves implants suitable for surgical implantation into subjects. In some embodiments the implants comprise a biocompatible scaffold material and blood vessels containing engineered endothelial cells—such as E4ORF1+ engineered endothelial cells or engineered endothelial cells that express certain marker molecules. The present invention provides implants, methods for preparing such implants, and methods of treatment utilizing such implants.

The present invention involves implants suitable for surgical implantation into subjects. In some embodiments the implants comprise a biocompatible scaffold material and blood vessels containing engineered endothelial cells—such as E4ORF1+ engineered endothelial cells or engineered endothelial cells that express certain marker molecules. The present invention provides implants, methods for preparing such implants, and methods of treatment utilizing such implants.

A hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of a patient in need thereof is rebalanced by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one donor cell.

A hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis of a patient in need thereof is rebalanced by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one donor cell.

A method and system are disclosed for isolating intact acellular particles using size exclusion and for obtaining size and concentration of such isolated particles. In one embodiment, the disclosure is directed to use of Particle Purification Liquid Chromatography (PPLC), a high-resolution chromatographic size-guided turbidimetry-enabled system for dye-free isolation, on-line characterization, and retrieval of intact acellular particles, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and membraneless condensate particles (MCs) from various biofluids.

Maintenance of adult tissues depends on stem cell self-renewal in local niches. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are germline adult stem cells necessary for spermatogenesis and fertility. The present invention relates utilization of testicular endothelial cells (TECs) in the SSC niche producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other factors to support human and mammal SSCs in long-term culture. The present invention also relates to utilization of five factors sufficient for long-term maintenance of human and mammal SSC colonies in feeder-free cultures. Male cancer survivors after chemotherapy are often infertile since SSCs are highly susceptible to cytotoxic injury. Transplantation of TECs alone is used to restore spermatogenesis in mice after chemotherapy-induced depletion of SSCs.

Maintenance of adult tissues depends on stem cell self-renewal in local niches. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are germline adult stem cells necessary for spermatogenesis and fertility. The present invention relates utilization of testicular endothelial cells (TECs) in the SSC niche producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other factors to support human and mammal SSCs in long-term culture. The present invention also relates to utilization of five factors sufficient for long-term maintenance of human and mammal SSC colonies in feeder-free cultures. Male cancer survivors after chemotherapy are often infertile since SSCs are highly susceptible to cytotoxic injury. Transplantation of TECs alone is used to restore spermatogenesis in mice after chemotherapy-induced depletion of SSCs.

Provided are fetal tissue cells or a fetal tissue extract which can effectively prevent or treat bone disorders or diseases.

Provided are fetal tissue cells or a fetal tissue extract which can effectively prevent or treat bone disorders or diseases.